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Here I am tonight,
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with my chiffon dress
the color of the red star.
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People love the slap
of a firm government.
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Whether it was real or just an impression,
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people felt that Margaret Thatcher
gave them the slap of a firm government.
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We want results and work!
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Still...
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Still...
Let it be, it's raining outside.
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They wanted to get in.
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We can't blame them,
It's always better where the Tories are.
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She was the prime minister who really
eradicated socialism from the system.
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That Orwellian nightmare
left-wing Labor
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be the stimulus for us to dedicate,
with new urgency,
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all energy and moral strength
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to rebuild
the fortunes of that free nation.
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In a way, I guess we can say
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that Margaret Thatcher and Winston Churchill
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were the prime ministers
luckiest in the 20th century,
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because they both had
to face a huge problem
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and the country, in each case,
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I didn't doubt
that it was the last opportunity
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and Margaret and Winston
they were able to make difficult decisions.
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I have soft makeup
and my light, slightly wavy hair.
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Prime Minister, leader...
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We may hate her,
but we felt he knew what he was doing.
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The Iron Lady of the Western World.
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From the beginning
that Margaret Thatcher stood out.
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At the beginning,
stood out quite annoyingly.
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WRITER AND PRESENTER
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There was something shrill about her,
something in her voice that was a little unnerving.
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There was something about her
which seemed a little too scathing.
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But there was always something special about her.
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He was interested in politics his entire life.
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Her father was interested
by local politics.
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SCHOOL FRIEND
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He was part of the chamber,
was president.
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That was part of her,
of the air he breathed.
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I think I wanted to go
to parliament from an early age.
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Margaret Thatcher, single Roberts,
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was born in this building
on October 13, 1925.
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It was a monotonous family
in a drab Lincolnshire town,
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with a monotonous father...
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JOURNALIST AND CORRESPONDENT
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... who climbed the political career ladder.
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Margaret Thatcher had heroes,
personal and professional.
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JOURNALIST AND PRESENTER
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The personal hero was the father.
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His last name was Roberts.
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He was a local politician.
He was not a rich man.
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There was a store.
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But it was very... How to say?
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He was a very honest man,
a man of decided views
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about what was right or wrong.
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They were very old-fashioned values,
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but that, in her opinion,
resisted the passage of time.
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Once, when we were talking
about these values,
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she said to me:
"Michael, a man's greatest duty
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It's having a home for your family
and put food on the table."
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That's because she couldn't stand it
who basically depended on subsidies.
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But, notice, when she talked about this,
it was always a man.
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It was an old-fashioned perspective,
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but that she thought was the key
for the emergence of political happiness,
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of political success,
of individual happiness.
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Her father taught her how to lead.
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She watched how he was doing
always ready to fight
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and it's curious that she
he rarely mentioned his mother.
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It was always the father.
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Her father was her idol, he was, of course,
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who encouraged her
going to the local school, trying hard.
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And she forever acknowledged the fact
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to have learned
the basic values with the father.
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During the war, the most advanced classes
received many speakers.
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They came to talk about various subjects,
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since the history of clothing,
to birds, all kinds of things.
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But if it were about current affairs...
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SCHOOL FRIEND
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...Margaret showed interest
and always got up at the end
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to ask pertinent questions.
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We, the colleagues, exchanged glances.
"There she goes again."
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I think the feeling
that she was an extraordinary person
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It only came much later.
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There is the famous story
from her chemistry professor at Oxford.
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They asked him what he thought
of her time at Oxford
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and he said she was a chemist
very good with second class honours.
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I remember her, because she was,
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I think, the first female president
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of the conservative association
from the University of Oxford.
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I was also part of it and I remember
her to take over the position at one of the meetings.
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And she was very impressive.
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Your strength of character
and clarity of thought...
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MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
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...became obvious very early and everyone
were impressed by his leadership.
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She left with much more confidence
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and determination to enter parliament.
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Finally he felt
who wanted to go into politics.
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She worked for some time
in food engineering,
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Then I wanted to go into law.
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Finally, he decided
who wanted to try to enter politics
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and worked consistently
to progress.
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What did Margaret Thatcher
it's wonderful
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It was a policy of conviction.
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So, from the beginning, in the 50s,
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She had the idea of going into politics
to make a difference
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and went in with everything.
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In the time of Margaret Thatcher
it was almost unthinkable
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a woman becomes prime minister
unless you were about 50 years old
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and a local conservative association
innovative.
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There was still that assumption
among older people
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who formed the electorates
of these local Conservative Associations
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that your member of parliament
It must have been a man.
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Some of the conservative politicians
older
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they found this a little alarming.
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Some, finding her even attractive,
they thought they could manage it.
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A young and attractive mooila.
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Others thought
that she was making too much noise.
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But from the beginning
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that Margaret Thatcher was a woman
with convictions and dynamism
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and was determined to get a place.
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Margaret Thatcher
ended up being selected
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as Conservative candidate for Finchley.
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Entered parliament for Finchley
on October 8, 1959,
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when conservatives
gained power.
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Mrs Thatcher, it is said that the speech
inaugural is a great ordeal.
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- Was it like that for you?
- For sure.
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I've spoken many times, but speaking
in the House of Commons it is different.
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It's a unique experience.
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Do you think it is more difficult because you are a woman?
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No, I didn't notice that.
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It's more because of the quality of the audience
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and because most of them
have more experience
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to do what we are doing.
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Your performance yesterday
has been praised by everyone.
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They talk about going to the main bench.
How do you feel?
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First I will try to be
a good back-up deputy.
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Until these two grow up a little.
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I couldn't accept
more responsibilities.
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These arrive.
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If Margaret Thatcher
were now sitting where I am
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and asked him questions
about educating children and that,
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she would say something like:
"I just move on."
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I would almost say:
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"I don't understand why you ask that.
Many women do this and so do I."
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That was his attitude.
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Carol and Mark.
He asks if they missed anything.
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As I lived at home,
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was always there,
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Could be there when they wanted
and I saw them often.
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In particular, it wasn't exactly
what had happened.
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It was extremely difficult,
especially because they are twins.
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But part of the picture
that she created was like this.
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"Don't worry about it.
I have two children, just move on."
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Has managed to combine
your political life
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with taking care of family and home?
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I mainly deal with food.
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I like cooking, I go shopping
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and I always make a lot of food
at the weekend.
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And, of course, there are the parliamentary holidays,
that coincide with those of the school.
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That's why I see a lot
the children and go out with them.
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During mid-term holidays,
They have lunch with me in the House of Commons.
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A woman in politics suffers.
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WRITER AND PRESENTER
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To this day, Theresa May
says they talk about your shoes,
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but Margaret Thatcher
I always had to have my hair done
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and deciding what to wear.
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People looked at your outfit
as much as they listened to what she said.
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There was always an additional problem
which does not exist for men,
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but it exists for women.
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What will family life be like?
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Of course, adjustments will be needed.
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I think it implies
more organization and method.
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I really believe in both of these things.
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Anyway, I would never make it
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if my house didn't stay
35 minutes from Westminster.
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I have an excellent nanny and housekeeper,
which helps a lot.
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I see the children every morning.
They spend the day at school.
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I make a point of seeing them
and being with them at the weekend.
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People soon realized
that she had serious talent.
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After being elected
as a member of parliament,
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became junior minister in two years.
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Become junior minister
two years after being elected,
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especially as a woman...
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It is said that leaders, in particular,
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they saw that there was someone different
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and that it should be encouraged.
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As for taxes,
the councils were divided,
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but tax reduction was a common theme.
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There was applause for Margaret Thatcher,
a spokesperson for the economy.
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He said, "Without incentives,
wealth is not created to distribute."
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If budgets ran the race
for the high tax premium,
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I'm happy to say
that Conservative budgets
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they wouldn't stay
among the first four places.
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The first prize
for tax increases
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it would go to Hugh Gaitskell in 1951.
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The second prize would
for Callaghan in 1966.
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The third, to Callaghan in 1965.
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The fourth prize, to Callaghan in 1964.
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This Callaghan has to go!
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She became a minister very early,
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then the Conservatives
went over to the opposition
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and she worked
in several shadow ministerial portfolios.
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During this time, he gained skills.
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I also think he was very lucky
in finding a husband,
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a slightly older man
who had already been married,
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who was in a position to leave
his young wife to do what she wanted.
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How she was blessed with twins,
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shipped in an organized manner
the question of having children.
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He had two children,
had her wealthy husband,
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who did his bidding,
had his personal ambition
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and advanced.
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I met Denis the night I was accepted
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as a candidate for the Conservatives
for the Dartford election,
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the 1950 election,
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and he was at the meeting
with a mutual friend.
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It was difficult to get a ride home
and there was a reception after the meeting.
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I was going to miss the train,
and he gave me a ride.
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He is wonderful
and his support is fantastic and essential.
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That's right, I think it's essential for someone
with this exhausting profession
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have full support,
like what I receive, from the family.
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And he is wonderful,
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when we do the work
of Prime Minister and the campaign.
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He's been amazing.
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I think meeting and marrying Denis
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gave him, so to speak, freedom
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not having to worry
where the money would come from.
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She said that Denis
it was his safe haven and it was.
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I didn't say it just because he was pretty.
Denis was always there for her.
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He was wealthy,
had his own company,
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that was purchased
by an oil company,
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That's why there was no shortage of money.
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And what Margaret needed,
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especially in the future
of her career, she had.
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I think there are concerns
in all jobs
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and if we think about them alone,
they get much worse.
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We have to have someone to talk to,
someone to give us a shake.
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I'm lucky to have this.
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Your husband, of course, Mr. Thatcher...
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- He's fantastic.
- I try.
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If there is tension in the air,
he ends it right away.
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I think we should think
on summer vacation, dear.
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- Yes.
- When can we go?
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00:14:15,688 --> 00:14:17,690
- Some hope.
- Do you have yours?
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If the elections are early,
We can go on vacation in August.
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- Yes.
- If the elections are late...
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- We won't.
- There are no holidays.
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00:14:26,032 --> 00:14:28,368
- Right.
- I'll believe it when I see it.
246
00:14:28,951 --> 00:14:31,120
Mr Thatcher, do you like the prospect
247
00:14:31,204 --> 00:14:33,790
of maybe living in Downing Street
a few more years?
248
00:14:33,873 --> 00:14:35,291
Moderately.
249
00:14:35,375 --> 00:14:39,212
Come on, baby. It's typical of him.
250
00:14:39,295 --> 00:14:41,214
He would be so worried...
251
00:14:41,297 --> 00:14:43,674
- Yes, of course.
- ... just like me, if...
252
00:14:43,758 --> 00:14:48,137
She had a wonderful quality
which he kept all his life,
253
00:14:48,221 --> 00:14:50,973
that was that intrepidity.
254
00:14:51,057 --> 00:14:52,683
She was never afraid.
255
00:14:52,767 --> 00:14:55,978
He was a formidable character
from the beginning.
256
00:14:58,981 --> 00:15:02,151
He also had good looks and charm
257
00:15:02,235 --> 00:15:05,822
and I wasn't afraid to use either one.
258
00:15:13,037 --> 00:15:18,459
Yes, there were heights
where she could smile sweetly
259
00:15:18,543 --> 00:15:20,211
and blink a little.
260
00:15:20,837 --> 00:15:23,005
But, as he gained power,
261
00:15:23,089 --> 00:15:27,176
I think she noticed more and more
that didn't do him any harm,
262
00:15:27,260 --> 00:15:28,386
when needed,
263
00:15:28,469 --> 00:15:33,808
make men understand
who was a perfectly attractive woman
264
00:15:33,891 --> 00:15:37,520
and that if it meant being nice
at them and lower your voice,
265
00:15:37,603 --> 00:15:39,355
she would.
266
00:15:40,022 --> 00:15:43,734
She used to do it shamelessly
until the end of his era.
267
00:15:43,818 --> 00:15:47,989
It wasn't for nothing
that President Mitterrand of France
268
00:15:48,072 --> 00:15:52,535
Said she had Calgula's eyes
and Marilyn Monroe's mouth.
269
00:15:52,618 --> 00:15:55,663
He noticed
and many others noticed too.
270
00:15:59,333 --> 00:16:03,629
I always said I think
that she had sex appeal, honestly.
271
00:16:04,714 --> 00:16:06,007
There was something about her.
272
00:16:06,090 --> 00:16:10,303
And you saw why you could dominate
a room full of men
273
00:16:10,386 --> 00:16:11,846
and the ministers around him.
274
00:16:12,472 --> 00:16:14,056
Power, immediately.
275
00:16:14,724 --> 00:16:16,392
It was there immediately.
276
00:16:16,893 --> 00:16:20,897
Yes, he wanted everything his way,
but he was a fascinating personality.
277
00:16:24,859 --> 00:16:28,738
The Tories, with Edward Heath,
won the 1970 general election
278
00:16:28,821 --> 00:16:34,410
and Mrs Thatcher was appointed Secretary
of State for Education and Science.
279
00:16:39,165 --> 00:16:41,000
The beginning of the 70s
280
00:16:41,083 --> 00:16:44,462
and the prime minister years
Ted Heath were a disaster,
281
00:16:44,545 --> 00:16:48,508
because the feeling was that they wanted
show the miners what it was like.
282
00:16:48,591 --> 00:16:50,593
It was the first miners' strike.
283
00:16:50,676 --> 00:16:54,347
"Let's show them, and the unions,
who's in charge."
284
00:16:54,430 --> 00:16:57,183
They approved tough legislation
for the unions
285
00:16:57,266 --> 00:16:59,894
and the miners' strike
emerged from there.
286
00:16:59,977 --> 00:17:04,106
In the end, of course, Ted Heath
He couldn't show who was in charge.
287
00:17:04,190 --> 00:17:05,983
The country turned against them,
288
00:17:06,067 --> 00:17:08,569
because the result
It was the Three Day Week.
289
00:17:08,653 --> 00:17:14,116
The result was the lights going out
across the entire country at certain times.
290
00:17:14,200 --> 00:17:19,789
She began, from a very early age,
291
00:17:20,373 --> 00:17:24,252
to attract people
who were of this right-wing conviction
292
00:17:24,335 --> 00:17:26,128
in the Tory Party,
293
00:17:26,212 --> 00:17:32,009
that, after years
totally disastrous Ted Heath,
294
00:17:32,093 --> 00:17:37,223
they began to see in her someone so different
of Ted Heath as possible.
295
00:17:37,306 --> 00:17:41,727
If they wanted to turn around again
the Tory Party to the right,
296
00:17:41,811 --> 00:17:45,523
or back to the right direction, say,
297
00:17:45,606 --> 00:17:47,858
she could be the right choice.
298
00:17:47,942 --> 00:17:50,611
I only became aware of Margaret Thatcher
299
00:17:50,695 --> 00:17:55,741
when she was a minister of education
very determined.
300
00:17:55,825 --> 00:17:57,702
I had some conversations with her
301
00:17:57,785 --> 00:18:00,329
and met one of your employees
years later,
302
00:18:00,413 --> 00:18:03,583
who told me that Mrs Thatcher
I wasn't satisfied
303
00:18:03,666 --> 00:18:06,252
as Minister of Education
and that she was ambitious.
304
00:18:06,335 --> 00:18:08,462
As Secretary of State for Education,
305
00:18:08,546 --> 00:18:12,383
Thatcher caused controversy
with plans to cut expenses.
306
00:18:12,466 --> 00:18:15,219
I intend to create a small committee
307
00:18:15,303 --> 00:18:18,389
to investigate teaching
reading in schools
308
00:18:18,472 --> 00:18:20,641
and the use of the English language.
309
00:18:21,225 --> 00:18:23,811
I hope this research shows
310
00:18:23,894 --> 00:18:27,648
whether sufficient priority is being given
to these subjects
311
00:18:27,732 --> 00:18:31,527
and if they are being used
the most effective teaching methods.
312
00:18:40,077 --> 00:18:43,289
She was becoming something of a magnet
313
00:18:43,372 --> 00:18:45,541
for those on the right of the party
314
00:18:45,625 --> 00:18:48,919
and was looking for someone
to save the Tory Party from itself.
315
00:18:49,545 --> 00:18:52,214
She just wanted to move forward when, finally,
316
00:18:52,298 --> 00:18:55,801
decided that the Conservative Party
was going in the wrong direction
317
00:18:55,885 --> 00:18:59,805
and that, looking around
and I don't see anyone else,
318
00:18:59,889 --> 00:19:03,643
she was the only one
which could lead to a correction
319
00:19:03,726 --> 00:19:06,812
and that could stop them from being so soft.
320
00:19:06,896 --> 00:19:10,024
I think it was there
who stopped being a normal person
321
00:19:10,107 --> 00:19:12,318
and became an extraordinary person.
322
00:19:12,401 --> 00:19:14,278
Thatcher defeated Edward Heath.
323
00:19:14,362 --> 00:19:17,948
Just 90 minutes after his election
as leader of the Conservatives,
324
00:19:18,032 --> 00:19:21,494
Mrs. Thatcher has arrived
to the Central Office, the party headquarters.
325
00:19:21,577 --> 00:19:23,537
But he didn't linger at the door.
326
00:19:23,621 --> 00:19:27,917
Joined to meet
who was there to shake your hand.
327
00:19:30,628 --> 00:19:33,255
Before you arrive,
many of those who greeted her
328
00:19:33,339 --> 00:19:36,258
they were surprised
with the size of its majority.
329
00:19:42,473 --> 00:19:46,894
At the Central Office, they were dazzled
with the way she filled the conference,
330
00:19:46,977 --> 00:19:50,439
contrary to what had happened
until recently in the party.
331
00:19:50,523 --> 00:19:53,442
If you weren't used to it
so much attention, it didn't show.
332
00:19:55,027 --> 00:19:58,030
Mr. Airey Neave,
your campaign manager,
333
00:19:58,114 --> 00:20:01,450
he was one of those who returned to Westminster
more than satisfied.
334
00:20:03,035 --> 00:20:04,495
Mrs Thatcher followed,
335
00:20:04,578 --> 00:20:07,957
who also seemed satisfied
with the day's events.
336
00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:11,711
Getting used to flashes
and to the lights in the last days,
337
00:20:11,794 --> 00:20:14,547
but he put an end to that
after one last posing session...
338
00:20:14,630 --> 00:20:17,091
Six, five, four...
339
00:20:17,174 --> 00:20:20,511
... claiming the need to return
to the budget law committee
340
00:20:20,594 --> 00:20:22,638
and tell Mr. Thatcher everything.
341
00:20:23,764 --> 00:20:27,977
Now we think of Margaret Thatcher
as a right-wing figure,
342
00:20:28,060 --> 00:20:31,772
but she was not at all
far right,
343
00:20:31,856 --> 00:20:33,274
especially at the beginning.
344
00:20:33,357 --> 00:20:36,068
When he became leader
of the Conservative Party,
345
00:20:36,152 --> 00:20:40,990
his first administration
It wasn't far right at all
346
00:20:41,073 --> 00:20:45,286
and she was happy and willing
to find a middle ground.
347
00:20:45,369 --> 00:20:47,747
He was a conciliatory person.
348
00:20:47,830 --> 00:20:52,585
It was a very competent politician,
but he gave the impression of leadership.
349
00:20:52,668 --> 00:20:53,878
He led from the front.
350
00:20:53,961 --> 00:20:56,213
It appeared to be strident and clear
351
00:20:56,297 --> 00:20:58,632
and, at the same time, when needed,
352
00:20:58,716 --> 00:21:02,261
he gave in, adapted and moderated his views.
353
00:21:02,344 --> 00:21:08,309
She had the style of a leader,
but the acumen of a politician.
354
00:21:08,392 --> 00:21:11,353
The morning after is your election,
how do you feel?
355
00:21:11,437 --> 00:21:13,105
I am really well.
356
00:21:13,189 --> 00:21:17,359
There's so much to do
who doesn't have time to feel nervous.
357
00:21:17,443 --> 00:21:19,904
- Do you feel a little apprehensive?
- Of course.
358
00:21:19,987 --> 00:21:21,989
It's normal when starting a new job.
359
00:21:22,072 --> 00:21:24,492
How did the family react?
360
00:21:24,575 --> 00:21:28,537
They're fine, they're taking it well.
Come what may, they can handle it.
361
00:21:28,621 --> 00:21:30,790
When she became party leader,
362
00:21:30,873 --> 00:21:33,542
I think everyone was surprised.
363
00:21:33,626 --> 00:21:38,255
I remember that Lord Amory,
a former Chancellor of the Exchequer,
364
00:21:38,339 --> 00:21:40,007
He wrote to my aunt saying:
365
00:21:40,090 --> 00:21:42,259
"Should I be afraid of our new leader?"
366
00:21:42,843 --> 00:21:46,138
But I think a lot of people thought that.
What awaited them?
367
00:21:46,931 --> 00:21:50,476
We must remember that the leader
who she replaced, Ted Heath,
368
00:21:50,559 --> 00:21:52,394
had become very unpopular.
369
00:21:52,478 --> 00:21:54,563
On the one hand, there was great relief,
370
00:21:54,647 --> 00:21:58,150
but, on the other,
They thought: "What were we going to do?"
371
00:21:58,234 --> 00:22:00,444
Because she wasn't very well known.
372
00:22:00,528 --> 00:22:03,489
There were many things in it
that people didn't like.
373
00:22:03,572 --> 00:22:07,159
He had a strange voice, for starters.
It wasn't an upper class voice.
374
00:22:07,243 --> 00:22:10,621
She had humble beginnings, actually.
375
00:22:10,704 --> 00:22:14,708
But the voice seemed
of a school teacher.
376
00:22:14,792 --> 00:22:16,710
He spoke as if everyone were children.
377
00:22:17,586 --> 00:22:19,630
How many hours would it take
378
00:22:19,713 --> 00:22:22,424
to get the letter out of that
What was I in?
379
00:22:22,508 --> 00:22:23,509
- From Abbot?
- Yes.
380
00:22:23,592 --> 00:22:26,095
Probably 4 or 5 pm.
381
00:22:26,178 --> 00:22:27,846
Sixteen or seventeen hours?
382
00:22:27,930 --> 00:22:32,309
Some politicians must have been furious
for taking orders from this woman.
383
00:22:32,393 --> 00:22:34,019
And others, great supporters
384
00:22:34,103 --> 00:22:37,231
who had no idea
of her capacity and skill,
385
00:22:37,314 --> 00:22:40,985
they were very happy to support her,
That's why it was complicated.
386
00:22:41,068 --> 00:22:45,072
As soon as she was elected party leader,
387
00:22:45,155 --> 00:22:47,616
looked for every possible opportunity
388
00:22:47,700 --> 00:22:50,494
to go out into the street and be with people.
389
00:22:50,578 --> 00:22:54,456
They were organized
photo opportunities
390
00:22:54,540 --> 00:22:56,625
and I covered a lot of them.
391
00:22:56,709 --> 00:22:57,668
And...
392
00:22:58,711 --> 00:23:00,546
She stated that, in this way,
393
00:23:00,629 --> 00:23:03,424
people would know what she was like.
394
00:23:03,507 --> 00:23:06,427
After two days
to see the British forces in Germany,
395
00:23:06,510 --> 00:23:09,471
still considers the defenses
of Britain inadequate?
396
00:23:09,555 --> 00:23:12,933
I think I made my position clear
on Monday.
397
00:23:13,017 --> 00:23:15,728
Said we've already suffered enough cuts,
398
00:23:15,811 --> 00:23:17,980
that it is the government's job to guarantee
399
00:23:18,063 --> 00:23:20,941
that the defense of the kingdom
have an appropriate priority
400
00:23:21,025 --> 00:23:24,403
and that we must comply
our duties towards our people
401
00:23:24,486 --> 00:23:27,197
and to our allies
in the Atlantic Alliance.
402
00:23:27,281 --> 00:23:31,368
The press was kind to her at first.
They called her Maggie.
403
00:23:31,452 --> 00:23:34,079
Now it's hard to think of her as Maggie.
404
00:23:34,163 --> 00:23:39,835
Then the expression became popular
that a Russian leader used for her.
405
00:23:39,918 --> 00:23:41,086
The Iron Lady.
406
00:23:41,170 --> 00:23:43,589
I'm sure she liked this one better.
407
00:23:43,672 --> 00:23:48,594
It seems that the Russians protested against
the anti-Soviet tone of his speech.
408
00:23:48,677 --> 00:23:50,888
Do you still think the speech was sensible?
409
00:23:50,971 --> 00:23:51,972
Very sensible.
410
00:23:52,056 --> 00:23:57,144
The speech stuck to the facts
and told a story through them.
411
00:23:57,227 --> 00:24:01,398
I must have hit the nail on the head
to get that reaction.
412
00:24:01,482 --> 00:24:04,735
The Iron Lady of the Western World
came about in a curious way.
413
00:24:04,818 --> 00:24:06,570
She spoke, in the House of Commons,
414
00:24:06,654 --> 00:24:10,366
about the need to resist
to the advancement of the Soviet Union.
415
00:24:11,075 --> 00:24:15,245
A Moscow military newspaper,
called "Red Star", got that
416
00:24:15,329 --> 00:24:18,874
and nicknamed her
from "Iron Lady of the Western World".
417
00:24:18,957 --> 00:24:24,213
When they asked him about it,
at a dinner she gave not long after.
418
00:24:24,880 --> 00:24:28,967
She was wearing exquisite clothes.
She knew how to dress up when she wanted.
419
00:24:29,051 --> 00:24:32,262
At first, she thought it was a joke.
420
00:24:32,346 --> 00:24:38,519
Here I am tonight, in my dress
of chiffon the color of the red star.
421
00:24:47,277 --> 00:24:52,032
I have soft makeup
and my light, slightly wavy hair.
422
00:24:55,619 --> 00:24:58,831
The Iron Lady of the Western World!
423
00:25:07,172 --> 00:25:09,299
A Cold War warrior.
424
00:25:10,592 --> 00:25:12,970
A philistine from the Amazon!
425
00:25:13,804 --> 00:25:16,306
Even a conspirator from Beijing!
426
00:25:16,890 --> 00:25:19,518
Yes, if that's the case
that they want to interpret
427
00:25:19,601 --> 00:25:24,148
my defense of values and freedoms
essential to our way of life
428
00:25:24,898 --> 00:25:28,861
and by "they" I mean
That somewhat strange alliance
429
00:25:28,944 --> 00:25:32,614
among comrades
from the Russian Ministry of Defense
430
00:25:32,698 --> 00:25:34,867
and our Minister of Defense.
431
00:25:34,950 --> 00:25:36,994
- That's right!
- Very good!
432
00:25:37,077 --> 00:25:39,121
You can call me whatever you want,
433
00:25:39,204 --> 00:25:44,585
if they think we should ignore
the growth of Russian military strength.
434
00:25:44,668 --> 00:25:49,006
She didn't mind having these labels.
435
00:25:49,089 --> 00:25:52,593
She almost emphasized it
and saw them as an advantage.
436
00:25:52,676 --> 00:25:55,637
Certainly, in her eyes,
437
00:25:55,721 --> 00:25:58,182
It was no misfortune or difficulty
438
00:25:58,265 --> 00:26:00,684
call her the Iron Lady
of the Western World,
439
00:26:00,768 --> 00:26:02,561
because, for her,
440
00:26:02,644 --> 00:26:06,899
That meant she was someone
who defended freedoms
441
00:26:06,982 --> 00:26:10,110
and the accepted style of democracy
in the Western world.
442
00:26:10,819 --> 00:26:15,532
Likewise, when she started
a very serious campaign
443
00:26:15,616 --> 00:26:18,494
for the elections of 79,
444
00:26:18,577 --> 00:26:23,248
many people called it
Maggie screaming.
445
00:26:23,332 --> 00:26:25,125
Later in the elections, they said:
446
00:26:25,209 --> 00:26:26,877
"Maggie, Maggie! Out, out!"
447
00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:29,922
She never complained
for being known as Maggie.
448
00:26:30,005 --> 00:26:32,007
He never forced his dignity.
449
00:26:32,090 --> 00:26:33,842
If they wanted to call her Maggie,
450
00:26:33,926 --> 00:26:38,055
because she represented something
that they wanted to promote in the country,
451
00:26:38,138 --> 00:26:39,556
So let it be Maggie.
452
00:26:40,516 --> 00:26:45,437
British policy is one of consensus.
We walked mainly in the center.
453
00:26:45,521 --> 00:26:48,357
Every now and then,
We realized, as an electorate,
454
00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:50,442
It's time for change.
455
00:26:50,526 --> 00:26:53,612
The prime ministers
that we then elect are the people
456
00:26:53,695 --> 00:26:57,324
who broke with tradition
and that broke consensus.
457
00:26:57,407 --> 00:27:00,828
After governments led
by Harold Macmillan,
458
00:27:00,911 --> 00:27:04,289
Ted Heath, Harold Wilson, James Callaghan,
459
00:27:04,373 --> 00:27:07,501
people thought:
"The unions are out of control.
460
00:27:07,584 --> 00:27:08,919
It's time for change."
461
00:27:09,461 --> 00:27:13,423
And then comes Margaret Thatcher.
She is the personification of change.
462
00:27:13,507 --> 00:27:17,761
Some of these men
They are the destroyers among us.
463
00:27:17,845 --> 00:27:20,055
Not all trade unionists,
464
00:27:20,138 --> 00:27:23,100
but there are some militants
who are the destroyers.
465
00:27:23,183 --> 00:27:27,396
I think they harm
both the decency of trade unionism
466
00:27:27,479 --> 00:27:29,189
like our economy.
467
00:27:29,857 --> 00:27:34,903
They seek to use freedom
to destroy freedom.
468
00:27:35,612 --> 00:27:37,364
You shouldn't be able to.
469
00:27:37,447 --> 00:27:38,782
Supported!
470
00:27:39,366 --> 00:27:42,286
What was known,
at that time, as collectivism
471
00:27:42,369 --> 00:27:44,079
or corporatism, that is,
472
00:27:44,162 --> 00:27:48,417
the idea that the State knew,
of the government bossing people around,
473
00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:50,627
of unions bossing people around...
474
00:27:50,711 --> 00:27:54,506
That was her big message,
that I wanted to change all this
475
00:27:54,590 --> 00:27:59,011
and that what would happen to the country
it would be whatever the voters wanted.
476
00:27:59,094 --> 00:28:00,846
"You will decide.
477
00:28:00,929 --> 00:28:04,433
Decide if I'm right
by saying we have to change direction."
478
00:28:04,516 --> 00:28:07,477
People identified a lot
479
00:28:07,561 --> 00:28:10,772
and, of course, it had an effect on the 79 campaign
480
00:28:10,856 --> 00:28:13,442
and in the election with the people at the center.
481
00:28:15,193 --> 00:28:17,404
In the election, these were the people who said:
482
00:28:17,487 --> 00:28:22,034
"She's talking to someone like me.
Enough of that, I'm going to vote for her."
483
00:28:22,618 --> 00:28:28,457
Margaret Thatcher
she was elected on May 4, 1979.
484
00:28:34,963 --> 00:28:36,924
How do you feel right now?
485
00:28:38,175 --> 00:28:42,095
Very excited,
very aware of responsibilities.
486
00:28:42,179 --> 00:28:47,184
Her Majesty the Queen
asked me to form a new government
487
00:28:47,267 --> 00:28:49,019
and I accepted.
488
00:28:49,102 --> 00:28:53,857
It is, of course, the greatest honor
that a citizen can have in a democracy.
489
00:28:53,941 --> 00:28:57,819
It must be remembered that Great Britain
I had been through a very difficult period.
490
00:28:57,903 --> 00:29:01,531
There were many strikes and the feeling
that the country was in decline.
491
00:29:01,615 --> 00:29:05,285
I think most people felt that way,
we are people like Margaret,
492
00:29:05,369 --> 00:29:06,995
but also your opponents.
493
00:29:07,079 --> 00:29:09,414
She arrived determined to change all that.
494
00:29:10,123 --> 00:29:13,085
The first thing
what he said after winning the elections
495
00:29:13,168 --> 00:29:15,837
was that it would bring harmony
to where there was discord,
496
00:29:15,921 --> 00:29:18,382
quoting St. Francis of Assisi.
497
00:29:18,465 --> 00:29:24,263
She realized that they were beginning to think of her
a little authoritarian, a little bossy,
498
00:29:25,555 --> 00:29:29,810
after all the appearances on television
where he seemed to have everything under control.
499
00:29:30,394 --> 00:29:33,981
Maybe you thought:
"Maybe I should make sure people know
500
00:29:34,064 --> 00:29:38,026
that I'm addressing this
with a sense of humility."
501
00:29:38,110 --> 00:29:41,405
Where there is discord, let us bring harmony.
502
00:29:41,488 --> 00:29:44,408
Where there is error, let us bring the truth.
503
00:29:44,491 --> 00:29:47,327
Wherever there is doubt, let us have faith.
504
00:29:47,411 --> 00:29:50,122
Where there is despair,
let us bring hope.
505
00:29:50,205 --> 00:29:51,832
And, of course, lowering your voice:
506
00:29:51,915 --> 00:29:54,209
"Wherever there is discord, let us bring harmony."
507
00:29:54,293 --> 00:29:57,004
Looking at the photographs from the time,
508
00:29:57,087 --> 00:29:59,881
she was so careful to say it well
509
00:30:00,465 --> 00:30:02,551
who had written it on a card in his hand.
510
00:30:02,634 --> 00:30:04,970
If you hesitated, just look down
511
00:30:05,053 --> 00:30:07,306
and would see "discord" or "harmony."
512
00:30:07,389 --> 00:30:10,684
I was determined to get it right and get in.
513
00:30:10,767 --> 00:30:12,728
"Okay, I'll start.
514
00:30:13,270 --> 00:30:17,316
Don't worry, I'm not the ogress
that people think I am.
515
00:30:17,399 --> 00:30:19,067
I'll do a good job."
516
00:30:19,151 --> 00:30:21,194
Now that the elections are over,
517
00:30:21,278 --> 00:30:26,408
we must come together and strive
for serving and strengthening the country
518
00:30:26,491 --> 00:30:28,702
to which we are so proud to belong.
519
00:30:37,336 --> 00:30:42,007
Her first government
It wasn't as radical as we now think.
520
00:30:42,090 --> 00:30:45,218
It was quite consensual and moderate.
521
00:30:45,302 --> 00:30:49,514
There were many moderate conservatives,
the wets, in their government.
522
00:30:49,598 --> 00:30:53,226
As the years passed,
she herself became harsher
523
00:30:53,310 --> 00:30:55,812
As I gained confidence.
524
00:30:56,396 --> 00:30:58,315
What stands in our way?
525
00:30:59,441 --> 00:31:02,361
The prospect of another winter
of discontent?
526
00:31:02,986 --> 00:31:04,404
That could be it,
527
00:31:05,155 --> 00:31:07,908
but I prefer to believe
that certain lessons
528
00:31:07,991 --> 00:31:10,118
were learned from experience,
529
00:31:10,660 --> 00:31:15,999
that we are slowly, painfully,
Coming to an autumn of understanding
530
00:31:16,541 --> 00:31:21,171
and I hope it will be followed
of a winter of common sense.
531
00:31:21,254 --> 00:31:23,965
She was determined to change this country,
532
00:31:24,049 --> 00:31:28,220
to stop the decline she saw,
to reduce the power of unions,
533
00:31:28,303 --> 00:31:31,223
to return to the country
some of the influence on the world
534
00:31:31,306 --> 00:31:36,061
that he had lost in the previous decade,
from the 70s.
535
00:31:36,144 --> 00:31:39,064
She had a very clear vision
what I wanted to do
536
00:31:39,147 --> 00:31:42,734
and was prepared
to be very unpopular while doing so.
537
00:31:42,818 --> 00:31:46,863
Each person must have their own style.
538
00:31:46,947 --> 00:31:51,368
They can't work with anyone else's.
Style is part of the approach itself.
539
00:31:51,451 --> 00:31:53,870
I didn't believe
to be prime minister
540
00:31:53,954 --> 00:31:55,705
It was being president of a committee.
541
00:31:56,373 --> 00:31:58,875
It's not enough to bring voices together.
542
00:31:58,959 --> 00:32:01,711
Leadership is very important
in politics.
543
00:32:01,795 --> 00:32:05,465
I chose my way,
the prime minister must choose his.
544
00:32:05,549 --> 00:32:08,552
We can't go in
in someone else's personality.
545
00:32:08,635 --> 00:32:10,429
We must develop ours.
546
00:32:10,512 --> 00:32:15,308
She never believed it, and she said so,
in consensus politics.
547
00:32:15,392 --> 00:32:18,812
She thought it was that
Ted Heath's mistake.
548
00:32:18,895 --> 00:32:23,024
The idea of having to wait
until everyone agrees.
549
00:32:23,108 --> 00:32:26,820
That wouldn't be her way.
I had to be very careful.
550
00:32:26,903 --> 00:32:30,198
I couldn't show up and say:
"Do it like that, because I said so."
551
00:32:30,907 --> 00:32:35,412
She believed from the start
that the leader of a party
552
00:32:35,495 --> 00:32:36,705
have to lead
553
00:32:36,788 --> 00:32:40,667
and do everything in your power
to convince people
554
00:32:40,750 --> 00:32:44,045
that the position you take is right
and to persuade them.
555
00:32:44,129 --> 00:32:46,840
I think she is a person
556
00:32:46,923 --> 00:32:50,343
with a lot of energy,
a lot of dedication, a lot of courage.
557
00:32:50,427 --> 00:32:52,012
CONSERVATIVE SPEAKING IN 1989
558
00:32:52,095 --> 00:32:55,765
And therefore, to a certain extent,
It's like a crusader
559
00:32:55,849 --> 00:32:59,519
and, we can say,
Blessed with tunnel vision,
560
00:32:59,603 --> 00:33:02,606
because the crusaders have a goal
and fight for it.
561
00:33:02,689 --> 00:33:04,858
I admire her energy and determination.
562
00:33:04,941 --> 00:33:07,027
FORMER LABOR LEADER
563
00:33:07,110 --> 00:33:09,362
But I think she suffers, even in this,
564
00:33:09,446 --> 00:33:12,866
what Proust called
of "second-rate certainty".
565
00:33:12,949 --> 00:33:15,744
I do not admire your intellectual method,
566
00:33:15,827 --> 00:33:18,914
which is an inability
to think that I might be wrong.
567
00:33:22,751 --> 00:33:24,085
MRS. T
THE TEA OF THE EARTH
568
00:33:24,169 --> 00:33:26,546
It's obvious that she had a clear mind.
569
00:33:26,630 --> 00:33:31,343
He often said: "That doesn't work."
Or "Why the hell?"
570
00:33:31,426 --> 00:33:32,761
Comments of the kind.
571
00:33:34,846 --> 00:33:37,933
During your time
as Prime Minister,
572
00:33:38,016 --> 00:33:39,768
people in Whitehall knew...
573
00:33:39,851 --> 00:33:41,645
FORMER DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER
574
00:33:41,728 --> 00:33:43,355
...what would be your position.
575
00:33:43,438 --> 00:33:47,025
People asked:
"Do you think this passes for number 10?"
576
00:33:47,108 --> 00:33:49,486
"Will the Prime Minister approve this?"
577
00:33:49,569 --> 00:33:52,822
Her visions
they were clear, strong and useful.
578
00:33:52,906 --> 00:33:55,075
Sometimes it was necessary to argue.
579
00:33:55,158 --> 00:33:56,952
Have you already chosen?
580
00:33:57,035 --> 00:33:59,329
Yes, I want a steak.
581
00:33:59,412 --> 00:34:01,498
- Well or rare?
- Raw, please.
582
00:34:01,581 --> 00:34:03,583
And the vegetables?
583
00:34:03,667 --> 00:34:05,418
They will eat the same as me.
584
00:34:06,127 --> 00:34:10,173
The perception that the public and the media
communication had changed.
585
00:34:10,257 --> 00:34:14,427
It went from "Damn,
we have a prime minister, how cool"
586
00:34:14,511 --> 00:34:20,350
to end up becoming the person
toughest of the entire government, by far.
587
00:34:20,433 --> 00:34:22,561
Who wants to be my representative?
588
00:34:24,187 --> 00:34:26,648
So they think I need
from a representative?
589
00:34:28,233 --> 00:34:30,819
Maybe it's not a bad idea.
590
00:34:32,487 --> 00:34:34,489
Of course I don't need one!
591
00:34:35,282 --> 00:34:37,158
It was a joke.
592
00:34:39,786 --> 00:34:40,870
Shut up!
593
00:34:40,954 --> 00:34:43,665
If I hear you say that I work too much,
594
00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:46,334
I say goodbye to you all
and I do your duties.
595
00:34:46,418 --> 00:34:48,253
Supported!
596
00:34:48,336 --> 00:34:52,340
In fact, looking closely,
Margaret Thatcher was very good
597
00:34:52,424 --> 00:34:56,386
to cut and change
when policies varied.
598
00:34:56,469 --> 00:35:00,724
I wasn't so fixed
to do things your way
599
00:35:00,807 --> 00:35:02,309
as people imagine.
600
00:35:02,392 --> 00:35:07,188
Behind the scenes,
she always took too long
601
00:35:07,272 --> 00:35:10,317
to make decisions, to debate issues.
602
00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:14,696
Test any idea
which was almost to destruction.
603
00:35:14,779 --> 00:35:18,533
Called people
for argumentative sessions.
604
00:35:18,617 --> 00:35:21,828
It said: "You tell me. And this? And that?
605
00:35:21,911 --> 00:35:24,664
If I do this,
Could this and that happen?"
606
00:35:24,748 --> 00:35:27,667
He was insistent
and, after going through this process
607
00:35:27,751 --> 00:35:32,047
and reach the end
with the decision of the position he was going to take,
608
00:35:32,130 --> 00:35:34,090
she never wavered.
609
00:35:34,174 --> 00:35:37,385
We were having a debate
and she summarized it before starting.
610
00:35:37,469 --> 00:35:39,304
FORMER DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER
611
00:35:39,387 --> 00:35:41,598
Some of us couldn't tolerate it
612
00:35:41,681 --> 00:35:47,103
and it was necessary to learn how to deal with it.
613
00:35:47,187 --> 00:35:51,358
I think most ministers
of Margaret Thatcher were afraid of her.
614
00:35:51,441 --> 00:35:54,778
The more she continued,
the more scared they became.
615
00:35:54,861 --> 00:35:58,615
Who expressed opinions abroad
that differed from hers
616
00:35:58,698 --> 00:36:01,117
he didn't last long in government.
617
00:36:01,201 --> 00:36:04,245
She did not always seek consensus.
618
00:36:04,329 --> 00:36:06,247
She has a famous quote.
619
00:36:06,331 --> 00:36:08,750
"I might be the only one thinking something."
620
00:36:08,833 --> 00:36:12,420
I think it was about Europe,
a problematic issue for this country.
621
00:36:12,504 --> 00:36:14,673
"I may be the only one, but I'm right."
622
00:36:14,756 --> 00:36:18,593
KEEP IT UP, MAGGIE
623
00:36:18,677 --> 00:36:21,429
We will not be diverted from our route.
624
00:36:22,138 --> 00:36:24,265
To those who wait with bated breath
625
00:36:24,349 --> 00:36:27,894
by the expression of the media,
"the U-turn",
626
00:36:28,436 --> 00:36:30,522
I only have one thing to say.
627
00:36:31,231 --> 00:36:32,982
Invert it if you want.
628
00:36:39,447 --> 00:36:41,991
The queen is not for reversals.
629
00:36:43,493 --> 00:36:46,788
I think Margaret Thatcher
I saw the country very divided.
630
00:36:46,871 --> 00:36:51,501
She wanted to help people with less
possessions, that they could buy a house,
631
00:36:51,584 --> 00:36:55,004
but I also wanted to take down
the power of unions,
632
00:36:55,088 --> 00:36:58,299
which she saw as the reason
for the decline of the country
633
00:36:58,383 --> 00:37:02,011
for making absurd demands,
strikes and everything else.
634
00:37:02,095 --> 00:37:06,182
She was decided
changing Britain, without a doubt.
635
00:37:09,519 --> 00:37:10,729
Out, out, out!
636
00:37:10,812 --> 00:37:12,230
- Maggie!
- Outside!
637
00:37:12,313 --> 00:37:15,275
Geoffrey Howe,
your faithful chancellor in 81, said:
638
00:37:15,358 --> 00:37:18,903
"We are in a recession,
but we must cut public spending."
639
00:37:18,987 --> 00:37:22,574
That really sounds outdated, doesn't it?
640
00:37:22,657 --> 00:37:24,951
But, at the time, it was almost revolutionary.
641
00:37:25,034 --> 00:37:28,037
The idea of cutting
public spending in a recession
642
00:37:28,121 --> 00:37:32,500
went against typical Keynesian ideas
to get out of a recession by spending,
643
00:37:32,584 --> 00:37:34,753
creating public works programs.
644
00:37:34,836 --> 00:37:36,379
There are those who still think like that.
645
00:37:36,463 --> 00:37:39,466
But at the time, that was the big problem
646
00:37:39,549 --> 00:37:43,052
and, of course, she was much maligned.
647
00:37:43,678 --> 00:37:48,516
The Prime Minister was booed as soon as she arrived
to an affected area of West Yorkshire.
648
00:37:48,600 --> 00:37:51,936
But she ignored it,
to speak to young supporters.
649
00:37:52,020 --> 00:37:56,316
Perhaps it would be ironic that, in the critical phase
the dispute between water employees,
650
00:37:56,399 --> 00:37:59,235
Mrs Thatcher visited
a bathtub factory.
651
00:37:59,319 --> 00:38:01,905
Despite the welcome,
there was more opposition.
652
00:38:02,614 --> 00:38:04,407
Maggie, Maggie, Maggie!
653
00:38:04,491 --> 00:38:06,367
Out, out, out!
654
00:38:07,243 --> 00:38:10,413
The good news about inflation
that Mrs Thatcher spoke about
655
00:38:10,497 --> 00:38:12,999
didn't calm some people down
in Calderdale.
656
00:38:13,082 --> 00:38:16,377
60 factories closed
and 11 thousand people were unemployed
657
00:38:16,461 --> 00:38:18,129
since she came to power.
658
00:38:18,838 --> 00:38:20,840
The biggest protest was in Bingley,
659
00:38:20,924 --> 00:38:23,927
where the Protestants
they drowned out the party's supporters.
660
00:38:24,010 --> 00:38:26,304
After responding to a friendly wave,
661
00:38:26,387 --> 00:38:28,598
the Prime Minister entered and, almost,
662
00:38:28,681 --> 00:38:31,059
avoided the flour bomb
which hit the car.
663
00:38:31,142 --> 00:38:32,894
The police don't know who did it.
664
00:38:32,977 --> 00:38:34,854
Little stories came out
665
00:38:34,938 --> 00:38:39,108
saying that the queen does not
I was satisfied with what was happening.
666
00:38:46,908 --> 00:38:51,663
Margaret Thatcher was nervous
with the queen, especially at the beginning.
667
00:38:51,746 --> 00:38:54,582
I also really wanted not to fail.
668
00:38:54,666 --> 00:38:57,293
I know from Margaret Thatcher's driver
669
00:38:57,377 --> 00:39:01,923
that when she had an audience
with the queen at Windsor,
670
00:39:02,006 --> 00:39:04,551
leaving Downing Street so early
671
00:39:04,634 --> 00:39:07,470
they had to park
on a verge near the castle
672
00:39:07,554 --> 00:39:09,722
for half an hour, 45 minutes,
673
00:39:09,806 --> 00:39:13,059
Sometimes an hour, to arrive in time,
674
00:39:13,142 --> 00:39:16,688
such was the anxiety
from Margaret Thatcher for doing everything right.
675
00:39:18,940 --> 00:39:21,317
For the queen,
It's another prime minister.
676
00:39:21,401 --> 00:39:23,820
She is interested in everything that goes on,
677
00:39:23,903 --> 00:39:25,864
It's all as usual.
678
00:39:25,947 --> 00:39:28,616
I think the queen
was comfortable with Margaret,
679
00:39:28,700 --> 00:39:32,120
but she was very aware
that this was the queen.
680
00:39:34,372 --> 00:39:39,794
There were several rumors about this
681
00:39:40,336 --> 00:39:43,381
and I think there was a version that said:
682
00:39:44,799 --> 00:39:48,052
"Both sides are afraid
before these meetings,
683
00:39:48,136 --> 00:39:51,222
but I don't think it was
Margaret Thatcher getting scared."
684
00:39:53,433 --> 00:39:57,729
It has always been tradition that, in meetings
between the Queen and the Prime Minister,
685
00:39:57,812 --> 00:40:02,609
was the last one to speak more
and the queen listening more.
686
00:40:02,692 --> 00:40:05,320
I imagine that at the time
by Margaret Thatcher...
687
00:40:05,403 --> 00:40:07,655
In fact, I even think it's true
688
00:40:07,739 --> 00:40:13,077
that the Prime Minister spoke even more
and the queen listened still more.
689
00:40:13,161 --> 00:40:16,789
It was said that Margaret Thatcher
went to audiences with the queen
690
00:40:16,873 --> 00:40:19,500
and made a lower bow
691
00:40:19,584 --> 00:40:22,170
than anyone else before.
692
00:40:22,754 --> 00:40:25,506
It was a great reverence
693
00:40:25,590 --> 00:40:28,843
and I don't think the queen likes that.
694
00:40:29,385 --> 00:40:30,386
She doesn't...
695
00:40:30,470 --> 00:40:33,973
She wants it to be direct and honest
696
00:40:34,057 --> 00:40:36,976
and I don't think they ever got along very well,
697
00:40:37,060 --> 00:40:38,603
to be honest.
698
00:40:38,686 --> 00:40:41,898
However, there is no proof of this.
699
00:40:42,649 --> 00:40:45,777
I know the queen
I just wouldn't talk about it.
700
00:40:45,860 --> 00:40:49,614
I certainly wouldn't talk about that
to anyone other than direct family.
701
00:40:49,697 --> 00:40:53,701
I think the queen would be interested
702
00:40:53,785 --> 00:40:56,204
to see the Prime Minister, a woman,
703
00:40:56,287 --> 00:40:59,290
and I think I would have liked it
704
00:40:59,374 --> 00:41:03,294
of the fighting attitude
of Margaret Thatcher in relation to life.
705
00:41:03,378 --> 00:41:06,381
Though the queen is above the broken,
706
00:41:06,464 --> 00:41:10,134
I think he's a natural person
conservative, with a lowercase C.
707
00:41:10,218 --> 00:41:14,597
So I would sympathize
with lots of ideas from Margaret Thatcher.
708
00:41:14,681 --> 00:41:18,184
As for what he thought of Margaret,
let us observe the following.
709
00:41:18,267 --> 00:41:21,145
It's your departure from the government,
awarded him the Order of Merit
710
00:41:21,229 --> 00:41:23,231
and, later, the Order of the Garter.
711
00:41:23,314 --> 00:41:26,484
These are two very old honors
and very different.
712
00:41:26,567 --> 00:41:28,736
Both are a personal gift from the queen.
713
00:41:28,820 --> 00:41:32,949
That says everything about what she thought
by Margaret. Much respect for her.
714
00:41:35,535 --> 00:41:41,749
On April 2, 1982, an Argentine force
invades the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.
715
00:41:43,960 --> 00:41:49,841
A British intervention force is
sent to reoccupy them three days later.
716
00:41:52,927 --> 00:41:56,139
The Falklands War was, let's say,
717
00:41:56,889 --> 00:42:02,937
another example of Mrs Thatcher's form
approach things with basic ideas.
718
00:42:03,021 --> 00:42:07,692
It was not allowed
that another country invaded our country,
719
00:42:07,775 --> 00:42:12,363
not the most remote piece of our country,
with impunity.
720
00:42:12,447 --> 00:42:14,449
She wasn't going to accept that.
721
00:42:14,532 --> 00:42:17,452
Whether it was right or wrong, she wouldn't accept it.
722
00:42:22,582 --> 00:42:26,044
When it was decided to send
the intervention force, for example,
723
00:42:26,127 --> 00:42:27,754
there were many voices,
724
00:42:27,837 --> 00:42:32,008
including the Minister of Defense himself,
I suspect,
725
00:42:32,091 --> 00:42:35,762
saying it couldn't be done,
it was a very big operation.
726
00:42:36,304 --> 00:42:41,601
But, once again, that idea
of Margaret Thatcher to move forward and that's it.
727
00:42:41,684 --> 00:42:43,144
Get on with it.
728
00:42:43,227 --> 00:42:46,606
I was told that at the moment
in which she decided to do this,
729
00:42:46,689 --> 00:42:49,817
bypassed all orders in government,
the bureaucracy and everything,
730
00:42:49,901 --> 00:42:52,236
and sent the troops as soon as possible.
731
00:42:52,320 --> 00:42:53,946
It was very efficient.
732
00:42:55,656 --> 00:43:00,787
This involved things like fitting
for in-flight refueling,
733
00:43:01,579 --> 00:43:03,456
mechanisms on tankers,
734
00:43:03,539 --> 00:43:06,918
so that the planes
could go to the islands and come back
735
00:43:07,001 --> 00:43:10,046
without having to land,
736
00:43:10,129 --> 00:43:14,842
the application of Queen Elizabeth 2
as a support vessel
737
00:43:14,926 --> 00:43:17,428
and everything
that was necessary for this.
738
00:43:17,512 --> 00:43:23,184
People still say don't
got nothing like that after that.
739
00:43:28,189 --> 00:43:29,357
It was another example.
740
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:33,402
When Margaret Thatcher decided
the route I was going to follow,
741
00:43:33,486 --> 00:43:37,949
she followed him until the end
and I was determined to follow him to the end.
742
00:43:42,662 --> 00:43:44,872
Before that, there were many difficulties.
743
00:43:44,956 --> 00:43:47,166
There is always, with prime ministers,
744
00:43:47,250 --> 00:43:50,628
because they try to approach the impossible,
such as health services.
745
00:43:50,711 --> 00:43:53,673
Despite the money invested,
It will always cause problems.
746
00:43:53,756 --> 00:43:57,718
This boosted her morale a lot.
and Great Britain
747
00:43:57,802 --> 00:43:59,011
and she passed the test.
748
00:44:02,723 --> 00:44:05,685
On June 14,
Argentine general Menendez
749
00:44:05,768 --> 00:44:08,688
surrenders to British major general
Jeremy Moore.
750
00:44:09,313 --> 00:44:12,900
The operation commander
sent the following message.
751
00:44:13,442 --> 00:44:15,653
"Inform His Majesty
752
00:44:15,736 --> 00:44:20,408
that the White Pavilion waves alongside
of the Union Flag in South Georgia.
753
00:44:20,491 --> 00:44:21,617
God save the queen."
754
00:44:21,701 --> 00:44:23,369
- And now, Mr. Nott?
- Thanks.
755
00:44:23,452 --> 00:44:26,247
- What's the reaction?
- Rejoice with this news.
756
00:44:26,330 --> 00:44:28,916
And congratulate our forces and the Navy.
757
00:44:29,542 --> 00:44:33,045
People like a leader,
they like to be led from the front.
758
00:44:33,129 --> 00:44:37,300
In times of war,
people like a strong leader.
759
00:44:38,009 --> 00:44:42,221
David Lloyd George in the First War.
Winston Churchill, on Monday.
760
00:44:42,305 --> 00:44:47,268
Margaret Thatcher led the country well
in the Falklands conflict.
761
00:44:47,351 --> 00:44:49,353
The people like a strong war leader.
762
00:44:49,437 --> 00:44:54,692
If you think about the prime ministers of
UK that people remember,
763
00:44:54,775 --> 00:44:56,903
They are usually war leaders.
764
00:44:56,986 --> 00:44:59,989
It is said that we surprise the world,
765
00:45:00,698 --> 00:45:04,952
that British patriotism was rediscovered
on those spring days.
766
00:45:05,912 --> 00:45:10,041
Mr. President, he was never lost.
767
00:45:12,251 --> 00:45:17,131
I think it meant
that the 1983 result was a certainty.
768
00:45:18,341 --> 00:45:20,426
But she didn't see it like that.
769
00:45:20,509 --> 00:45:25,139
Had to be dragged
for the 1983 elections.
770
00:45:25,222 --> 00:45:26,974
There are five-year terms.
771
00:45:27,058 --> 00:45:28,893
That would be four years
772
00:45:28,976 --> 00:45:34,815
and she wanted a very good reason
to return to the country after four years.
773
00:45:34,899 --> 00:45:40,905
They had to convince her
regarding the political landscape in the United Kingdom
774
00:45:42,448 --> 00:45:45,618
and that this would lead to victory.
775
00:45:53,376 --> 00:45:57,922
Finally, the combination
of an inefficient opposition
776
00:45:58,005 --> 00:45:59,840
and his military victory
777
00:45:59,924 --> 00:46:03,719
entailed obtaining your
best result in the 1983 elections.
778
00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:11,268
A greater victory, by the looks of it now,
779
00:46:11,352 --> 00:46:15,648
than I had dared to hope,
because I'm so cautious.
780
00:46:17,108 --> 00:46:21,278
I think she was lucky
from the man sent twice a week
781
00:46:21,362 --> 00:46:25,449
to stand up to him in parliament
and the answer is Neil Kinnock.
782
00:46:25,533 --> 00:46:28,285
Sometimes it seemed like he was a puppy
783
00:46:28,369 --> 00:46:31,622
who was ordered to go there and jump
and say something
784
00:46:31,706 --> 00:46:34,125
about which I did not have a strong opinion.
785
00:46:34,208 --> 00:46:38,838
She could easily
send it down regularly.
786
00:46:38,921 --> 00:46:41,340
She didn't have a strong opponent.
787
00:46:41,424 --> 00:46:43,509
To conclude, Prime Minister,
788
00:46:43,592 --> 00:46:47,221
I would like this next government
What would you be remembered for?
789
00:46:48,931 --> 00:46:54,311
By having clear policies and objectives
790
00:46:54,395 --> 00:46:57,273
and for applying them firmly.
791
00:46:57,356 --> 00:47:01,694
And for being a resolute defender
of freedom and justice.
792
00:47:02,319 --> 00:47:05,948
Margaret Thatcher's Great Controversy
as prime minister
793
00:47:06,032 --> 00:47:07,783
it was with the miners.
794
00:47:07,867 --> 00:47:11,203
The coal industry
was in decline in this country,
795
00:47:11,287 --> 00:47:13,414
but there were still many mines.
796
00:47:13,497 --> 00:47:15,708
The miners were very militant
797
00:47:15,791 --> 00:47:19,462
and were led by a man
very militant, Arthur Scargill.
798
00:47:20,004 --> 00:47:21,922
He decided they should go on strike
799
00:47:22,006 --> 00:47:26,010
to prevent closure
of several mines.
800
00:47:32,600 --> 00:47:35,519
But it was an epic battle
801
00:47:35,603 --> 00:47:38,439
between the vision of Britain
by Margaret Thatcher,
802
00:47:38,522 --> 00:47:40,441
where everyone would have opportunities,
803
00:47:40,524 --> 00:47:43,486
but without depending
of unions to advance
804
00:47:43,569 --> 00:47:45,696
and the vision of Arthur Scargill
805
00:47:45,780 --> 00:47:50,159
that workers and industries
traditional people needed protection
806
00:47:50,242 --> 00:47:54,580
and that the common man
would be destroyed by the political machine.
807
00:47:54,663 --> 00:47:56,749
It was such a battle.
808
00:47:56,832 --> 00:48:02,630
The miners began their action
industrial on March 12, 1984.
809
00:48:04,882 --> 00:48:10,346
The strike would last almost a year.
810
00:48:13,432 --> 00:48:16,435
This year,
as previously in our history,
811
00:48:17,144 --> 00:48:20,898
we saw men and women
with brave hearts
812
00:48:20,981 --> 00:48:25,027
to defy violence,
to disdain intimidation
813
00:48:25,111 --> 00:48:28,781
and defend their rights
to enforce our laws.
814
00:48:36,831 --> 00:48:42,795
Thanks to your actions, we saw the birth
of a new leadership of Great Britain
815
00:48:43,379 --> 00:48:47,424
and that is the most important thing,
the most lasting,
816
00:48:47,508 --> 00:48:49,802
that will result from this coal strike.
817
00:48:49,885 --> 00:48:52,179
A new birth of leadership!
818
00:48:52,263 --> 00:48:55,349
At the beginning,
she let things take their course,
819
00:48:55,432 --> 00:49:00,271
but I was determined
for Mr. Scargill to be defeated.
820
00:49:00,354 --> 00:49:05,192
I think Margaret Thatcher
and the conservative government, after 83,
821
00:49:05,276 --> 00:49:08,737
they knew there would be
a confrontation with the miners,
822
00:49:08,821 --> 00:49:10,239
and it would be soon.
823
00:49:10,322 --> 00:49:14,410
There is plenty of evidence that they were
been thinking about this for a while
824
00:49:14,493 --> 00:49:20,374
and prepare for the possibility
of this happening.
825
00:49:20,958 --> 00:49:27,006
Then, discreetly,
began to accumulate coal
826
00:49:27,089 --> 00:49:30,259
and sent the National Coal Board
increase reserves.
827
00:49:30,342 --> 00:49:34,638
Officially, it was all in the hands
of the National Coal Board and the miners.
828
00:49:35,181 --> 00:49:37,641
"The government should not dictate
how this should be.
829
00:49:37,725 --> 00:49:40,603
It's up to Mr. MacGregor,
President of the Coal Board."
830
00:49:40,686 --> 00:49:43,189
In fact, it wasn't like that.
We know not.
831
00:49:44,190 --> 00:49:46,400
She wanted this resolved once and for all.
832
00:49:51,572 --> 00:49:53,157
It's intimidation.
833
00:49:53,824 --> 00:49:55,701
These are illicit gatherings.
834
00:49:56,327 --> 00:50:00,706
Our duty demands
and the national interest requires
835
00:50:00,789 --> 00:50:06,045
so that we see that violence does not pay
and it is not expected to pay off.
836
00:50:12,676 --> 00:50:17,056
There was a horrible incident
at the end of the miners' strike,
837
00:50:17,139 --> 00:50:22,728
when the protesters sent cement
of a highway bridge
838
00:50:22,811 --> 00:50:27,107
on top of some people who were
trying to get to the strike picket line
839
00:50:27,191 --> 00:50:29,360
or trying to get through the picket line, I don't know.
840
00:50:29,443 --> 00:50:31,987
She was in Paris
and I was on duty.
841
00:50:32,071 --> 00:50:35,658
I caught her on the steps
of the Elisha Palace and said to him:
842
00:50:35,741 --> 00:50:39,328
"Madam Prime Minister,
one person was killed.
843
00:50:39,411 --> 00:50:43,290
It will not be time to open negotiations
844
00:50:43,374 --> 00:50:45,459
and try to reach an agreement?"
845
00:50:45,542 --> 00:50:50,047
With a withering look,
turned to me and said:
846
00:50:50,130 --> 00:50:53,926
"Mr. Brunson, you never give in to violence!"
847
00:50:54,009 --> 00:50:55,511
He turned and walked away.
848
00:51:02,226 --> 00:51:05,646
Talk about a few manipulators
relentless.
849
00:51:05,729 --> 00:51:07,982
Will you never negotiate with them?
850
00:51:08,941 --> 00:51:10,901
I will never negotiate with people
851
00:51:10,985 --> 00:51:15,656
who use coercion and violence
to achieve their objective.
852
00:51:15,739 --> 00:51:17,783
They are enemies of democracy.
853
00:51:17,866 --> 00:51:20,244
They are not interested in the future of democracy.
854
00:51:20,327 --> 00:51:23,205
They try to kill democracy
for your own purposes.
855
00:51:23,789 --> 00:51:25,958
Outside, eggs were thrown.
856
00:51:26,041 --> 00:51:29,712
One hit the prime minister,
but a detective got the worst of it.
857
00:51:29,795 --> 00:51:32,631
They opened an umbrella
to lead others astray.
858
00:51:32,715 --> 00:51:36,927
For her, it was the biggest test
It's your leadership.
859
00:51:37,594 --> 00:51:41,181
She ended up winning. It's almost
We have no coal industry left.
860
00:51:41,265 --> 00:51:43,851
Mr. Scargill retired a long time ago.
861
00:51:43,934 --> 00:51:45,644
The power of unions,
862
00:51:45,728 --> 00:51:48,689
mainly from miners, disappeared.
863
00:51:52,192 --> 00:51:57,740
On October 12, 1984, the IRA placed
a bomb at the Grand Hotel in Brighton.
864
00:51:58,991 --> 00:52:01,910
The explosion destroyed rooms
on three floors,
865
00:52:01,994 --> 00:52:05,956
which housed the Prime Minister,
your government and members of parliament.
866
00:52:06,040 --> 00:52:09,752
There were five deaths and 31 injured.
867
00:52:12,463 --> 00:52:13,881
Beyond the authorities,
868
00:52:13,964 --> 00:52:18,761
a neutralizing agent was looking for
clues to the bomber's identity.
869
00:52:22,806 --> 00:52:25,184
The first body was removed from the building.
870
00:52:27,061 --> 00:52:29,938
The Prime Minister
went to Brighton police station
871
00:52:30,022 --> 00:52:31,899
talk about your escape.
872
00:52:31,982 --> 00:52:36,195
She was awake and had just gotten ready
a speech when the bomb exploded.
873
00:52:36,695 --> 00:52:41,075
My husband was in bed, the windows
and the bathroom were damaged.
874
00:52:41,158 --> 00:52:42,326
In your room?
875
00:52:42,409 --> 00:52:45,662
Yes, we were very lucky.
876
00:52:46,246 --> 00:52:49,333
We heard about these atrocities,
of the bombs.
877
00:52:49,416 --> 00:52:51,502
We don't expect it to happen to us.
878
00:52:53,462 --> 00:52:56,131
But life must go on, as always.
879
00:52:56,215 --> 00:52:57,841
Will the conference continue?
880
00:52:57,925 --> 00:53:00,219
The conference continues. Alright, John.
881
00:53:00,302 --> 00:53:04,264
The conference continues as usual.
882
00:53:04,348 --> 00:53:05,891
- Thanks.
- Thanks.
883
00:53:20,322 --> 00:53:22,658
The sun came through the stained glass windows
884
00:53:22,741 --> 00:53:25,786
and spread through the flowers
on the other side of the church.
885
00:53:27,579 --> 00:53:29,456
And it occurred to me
886
00:53:29,540 --> 00:53:32,960
that this was a day
that I shouldn't see.
887
00:53:36,630 --> 00:53:38,841
We fight as we always have.
888
00:53:39,550 --> 00:53:42,136
For the weak as well as the strong.
889
00:53:43,470 --> 00:53:46,306
We fight for good and great causes.
890
00:53:47,516 --> 00:53:51,478
We fight to defend them
of power and strength
891
00:53:51,562 --> 00:53:54,565
of those who stand up to challenge them.
892
00:53:54,648 --> 00:53:58,193
This government will not weaken.
893
00:53:59,361 --> 00:54:02,781
This nation will not face the challenge,
894
00:54:02,865 --> 00:54:06,201
democracy will prevail.
895
00:54:15,711 --> 00:54:18,547
Mrs Thatcher was very good
to keep Britain
896
00:54:18,630 --> 00:54:20,632
in the center of the image.
897
00:54:22,718 --> 00:54:26,305
When Russian leaders
and Americans met,
898
00:54:26,388 --> 00:54:29,975
came through Great Britain
and Mrs Thatcher was always there.
899
00:54:35,481 --> 00:54:39,234
She had a very good relationship
with Ronald Reagan.
900
00:54:39,318 --> 00:54:43,947
We should not underestimate your femininity
and the way he could please and flatter
901
00:54:44,031 --> 00:54:49,661
to a jolly old Hollywood actor
who became prime minister,
902
00:54:49,745 --> 00:54:52,164
and she was very good at it all.
903
00:54:52,247 --> 00:54:58,086
There is no greater alliance in the world
than the Anglo-American alliance.
904
00:54:58,170 --> 00:55:00,464
And, if you experience periodic difficulties,
905
00:55:00,547 --> 00:55:04,510
how was the question of Granada,
they don't last long.
906
00:55:04,593 --> 00:55:09,973
We return to total alliance
and its total defense of democracy
907
00:55:10,057 --> 00:55:11,517
and freedom in the world.
908
00:55:11,600 --> 00:55:15,437
Margaret Thatcher was the right woman,
in the right place, at the right time
909
00:55:15,521 --> 00:55:18,440
and became a symbolic figure.
910
00:55:18,524 --> 00:55:21,902
She and Ronald Reagan
became the two world leaders
911
00:55:21,985 --> 00:55:27,074
associated with the end of communism,
The fall of the Berlin Wall.
912
00:55:27,157 --> 00:55:30,035
In a way, this will be his legacy.
913
00:55:30,118 --> 00:55:34,790
I don't know for sure how much she
personally contributed to this.
914
00:55:34,873 --> 00:55:37,376
It may have just been the course of history,
915
00:55:37,459 --> 00:55:42,256
but she was there
making the right noise at the right time
916
00:55:42,339 --> 00:55:45,467
and was lucky to have someone
in the United States
917
00:55:45,551 --> 00:55:47,636
with whom he had real companionship.
918
00:55:47,719 --> 00:55:50,556
They were friends, they were kindred spirits.
919
00:55:50,639 --> 00:55:53,809
It was a partnership that really worked.
920
00:55:56,812 --> 00:55:58,981
Gorbachev, of course, was a reformist.
921
00:55:59,606 --> 00:56:01,191
He knew what he wanted to do
922
00:56:01,775 --> 00:56:04,945
and obviously saw
that she knew what she wanted to do.
923
00:56:05,028 --> 00:56:07,823
I think the affinity came from that.
924
00:56:07,906 --> 00:56:12,411
She wanted to move things forward
in relation to the Soviet Union and so does he.
925
00:56:13,078 --> 00:56:15,080
That's where it came from.
926
00:56:19,835 --> 00:56:23,505
She got along badly with European leaders.
927
00:56:25,591 --> 00:56:28,218
She deeply distrusted the Germans
928
00:56:28,302 --> 00:56:29,636
and it was something historic.
929
00:56:30,470 --> 00:56:35,434
Maybe people forget
that for someone who has surpassed...
930
00:56:35,517 --> 00:56:38,437
Of course, she herself knew,
931
00:56:38,520 --> 00:56:41,940
she herself saw the effects
of the Second World War.
932
00:56:42,566 --> 00:56:48,155
I had a residual aversion,
I pass the euphemism,
933
00:56:48,238 --> 00:56:51,199
to the Germans and what they stood for,
934
00:56:51,283 --> 00:56:55,662
That's why I immediately suspected
of their ideas.
935
00:56:57,289 --> 00:56:59,916
And the French
they were already beyond acceptable.
936
00:57:00,792 --> 00:57:03,587
He also didn't get along well with the French.
937
00:57:03,670 --> 00:57:06,590
Mr Blair says he wants to lead in Europe,
938
00:57:07,215 --> 00:57:10,218
but the price of this is what they expect
939
00:57:10,302 --> 00:57:14,556
may Britain be dragged
for the single currency.
940
00:57:14,640 --> 00:57:16,433
And he's willing to do it.
941
00:57:17,225 --> 00:57:20,312
I would never be willing
to give up our currency.
942
00:57:22,981 --> 00:57:26,068
On June 11, 1987,
Thatcher was the first, since 1820,
943
00:57:26,151 --> 00:57:28,946
to lead your party
to three consecutive victories.
944
00:57:30,447 --> 00:57:35,494
It's wonderful that the government
of this country, this great country,
945
00:57:35,577 --> 00:57:38,038
be entrusted to me again.
946
00:57:38,664 --> 00:57:40,332
I want to tell you this.
947
00:57:41,124 --> 00:57:42,668
The greater the trust,
948
00:57:42,751 --> 00:57:47,631
our duty is greater
to deserve this trust
949
00:57:47,714 --> 00:57:52,344
and we will strive to serve
the people of these islands in the future,
950
00:57:52,427 --> 00:57:54,012
just like in the past.
951
00:57:54,096 --> 00:57:57,182
When we got to the elections of 87,
952
00:57:57,766 --> 00:58:00,811
people remembered
of the miners' strike,
953
00:58:00,894 --> 00:58:04,356
but they were showing up
many other problems.
954
00:58:04,439 --> 00:58:07,985
There were more economic problems
to resolve.
955
00:58:09,277 --> 00:58:12,572
She had been in government for a long time
956
00:58:13,323 --> 00:58:17,744
and I think people had
to look at her and around her
957
00:58:17,828 --> 00:58:19,913
when they made the decision in 87.
958
00:58:19,997 --> 00:58:23,417
Most of it wasn't that tall anymore.
959
00:58:23,500 --> 00:58:28,505
So there were doubts
that she would always be right.
960
00:58:29,464 --> 00:58:31,216
We were starting to see them.
961
00:58:31,842 --> 00:58:34,845
Can you clarify the position
What about your future?
962
00:58:34,928 --> 00:58:37,264
Do you intend to fight in the next elections?
963
00:58:37,347 --> 00:58:40,434
We just won these. No problem.
964
00:58:40,517 --> 00:58:43,478
Four or five years to go
for the next elections.
965
00:58:43,562 --> 00:58:47,024
No one can predict exactly
what will happen in that time.
966
00:58:47,107 --> 00:58:50,444
Let's apply the program
for which we were elected.
967
00:58:50,527 --> 00:58:52,529
There is a lot of work to do.
968
00:58:53,405 --> 00:58:56,366
Margaret, you went too far this time!
969
00:58:56,450 --> 00:58:58,368
You have turned into a dictator.
970
00:58:59,244 --> 00:59:00,871
Don't listen to anyone.
971
00:59:00,954 --> 00:59:03,165
You're crazy, Margaret, you've lost your mind.
972
00:59:03,248 --> 00:59:05,417
We're fed up, you're finished!
973
00:59:08,628 --> 00:59:10,630
Okay, do you know your lines?
974
00:59:10,714 --> 00:59:11,965
Yes, I have it here.
975
00:59:12,049 --> 00:59:14,009
No giving up.
976
00:59:14,092 --> 00:59:16,511
We've come this far,
We can't go back.
977
00:59:16,595 --> 00:59:17,637
Right!
978
00:59:18,263 --> 00:59:19,139
Good morning.
979
00:59:23,185 --> 00:59:24,061
Go!
980
00:59:24,936 --> 00:59:26,521
- Margaret!
- Yes, Geoffrey?
981
00:59:27,439 --> 00:59:28,315
Good morning.
982
00:59:28,398 --> 00:59:30,400
Good morning!
983
00:59:30,484 --> 00:59:33,528
All right, stand up, sit down,
984
00:59:34,362 --> 00:59:36,364
put your finger on your nose
985
00:59:36,448 --> 00:59:37,866
and imitate a chicken.
986
00:59:39,451 --> 00:59:42,829
You cowardly insects, I hate you.
987
00:59:43,497 --> 00:59:45,499
At the end of your time,
988
00:59:47,125 --> 00:59:51,338
it was noted that
she had become more authoritarian.
989
00:59:52,130 --> 00:59:56,009
It started to become more noticeable after 87,
990
00:59:56,093 --> 00:59:59,888
when, in a way,
let himself be carried away by power,
991
00:59:59,971 --> 01:00:03,183
by the feeling that nothing was happening
992
01:00:03,266 --> 01:00:07,729
unless she ordered and forced
and everyone had to do what she said.
993
01:00:07,813 --> 01:00:11,024
Mrs. Thatcher emerged
in Downing Street with her husband,
994
01:00:11,108 --> 01:00:15,112
interrupting preparations
to go to Kenya and Nigeria tomorrow
995
01:00:15,195 --> 01:00:18,824
to set your record
eight years and 244 days in the number 10.
996
01:00:19,491 --> 01:00:23,745
This reign began in May 1979
with the same wave.
997
01:00:23,829 --> 01:00:26,706
He said it went quickly.
There was still a lot to do.
998
01:00:26,790 --> 01:00:28,750
We have achieved a lot.
999
01:00:28,834 --> 01:00:30,460
When I walked through that door,
1000
01:00:30,544 --> 01:00:34,464
Britain was known
for suffering from the British disease.
1001
01:00:34,548 --> 01:00:37,759
Now we are known
for having the British cure
1002
01:00:37,843 --> 01:00:40,971
and people come to us,
a country with renewed confidence,
1003
01:00:41,054 --> 01:00:42,889
to see how we did it.
1004
01:00:42,973 --> 01:00:45,433
Some criticisms emerged
by Sir John Nott,
1005
01:00:45,517 --> 01:00:49,062
your former secretary of defense,
what he said to BBC Panorama
1006
01:00:49,146 --> 01:00:52,899
that, sometimes, "it was necessary to prevent
that Mrs Thatcher exaggerated."
1007
01:00:52,983 --> 01:00:56,611
I have no idea what John Nott said.
1008
01:00:56,695 --> 01:01:00,240
John Nott was a member
of our very lively, vital government
1009
01:01:01,575 --> 01:01:04,369
and interesting, full of new ideas.
1010
01:01:04,452 --> 01:01:07,706
- He said your leadership is exaggerated.
- It's fine.
1011
01:01:07,789 --> 01:01:08,915
Sir John said � ITN
1012
01:01:08,999 --> 01:01:12,794
that Mrs Thatcher was excellent
and had great achievements.
1013
01:01:12,878 --> 01:01:17,799
She lasted longer than all the ministers
who were with her at the beginning
1014
01:01:17,883 --> 01:01:21,219
and almost all counselors
and civil servants.
1015
01:01:21,303 --> 01:01:26,349
Towards the end, she even became
a little difficult to control.
1016
01:01:26,433 --> 01:01:27,601
Nobody controlled it.
1017
01:01:27,684 --> 01:01:30,312
What is interesting
in successful politicians,
1018
01:01:30,395 --> 01:01:33,356
or maybe anyone
of success in public life,
1019
01:01:33,440 --> 01:01:36,943
That's what gives them success in the beginning
1020
01:01:37,027 --> 01:01:39,738
It's what sends them down,
in a way.
1021
01:01:39,821 --> 01:01:43,116
Her great success
was not listening to the ministers
1022
01:01:43,200 --> 01:01:46,536
and do what you wanted,
1023
01:01:46,620 --> 01:01:49,247
to move things forward
and be very assertive.
1024
01:01:49,331 --> 01:01:52,167
Eventually that would have been it
who sent her down.
1025
01:01:52,250 --> 01:01:54,377
A few years after she left,
1026
01:01:54,461 --> 01:01:59,716
I remember talking to Kenneth Clarke,
who had been part of his government.
1027
01:01:59,799 --> 01:02:01,968
He said it was amazing.
1028
01:02:02,052 --> 01:02:04,346
They had cabinet committee meetings
1029
01:02:04,429 --> 01:02:07,933
and they had a good idea
of what was being discussed
1030
01:02:08,016 --> 01:02:10,685
and what decisions seemed
have been taken
1031
01:02:10,769 --> 01:02:15,565
and, when the minutes arrived,
the conclusions were totally different.
1032
01:02:15,649 --> 01:02:19,694
We got a taste of this in the episode
from Westland with Michael Heseltine.
1033
01:02:19,778 --> 01:02:21,363
That was his complaint,
1034
01:02:21,446 --> 01:02:24,407
things weren't
to be treated appropriately.
1035
01:02:24,491 --> 01:02:26,993
At the beginning,
before going to a European Council,
1036
01:02:27,077 --> 01:02:29,579
for example,
she brought together all the ministers,
1037
01:02:29,663 --> 01:02:33,667
whose priorities were going to be discussed,
and senior civil servants
1038
01:02:33,750 --> 01:02:35,919
and the instructions were brief and complete.
1039
01:02:36,503 --> 01:02:41,841
Later, with family matters,
she almost didn't want to argue at all.
1040
01:02:41,925 --> 01:02:44,261
Nigel Lawson and I were upset about it.
1041
01:02:44,344 --> 01:02:47,347
She didn't meet with us
before the Council in Madrid.
1042
01:02:47,430 --> 01:02:51,518
She had walked away
and it was more difficult to deal with her.
1043
01:02:56,523 --> 01:02:59,609
There was a big difference.
1044
01:02:59,693 --> 01:03:03,822
Basically, it was the recurring theme
1045
01:03:03,905 --> 01:03:08,618
in her time as Prime Minister
in relation to attitudes towards Europe.
1046
01:03:09,369 --> 01:03:11,663
Lawson felt increasingly
1047
01:03:11,746 --> 01:03:17,127
that we should get closer
of something like a monetary union.
1048
01:03:17,836 --> 01:03:21,256
She had a private hate
for what he did,
1049
01:03:21,339 --> 01:03:25,135
because he wanted
for the pound to follow the German mark,
1050
01:03:25,218 --> 01:03:27,137
which she found very suspicious.
1051
01:03:27,220 --> 01:03:33,184
Alan Walters, his advisor
private economic and financial,
1052
01:03:33,268 --> 01:03:34,477
told him that.
1053
01:03:34,561 --> 01:03:38,356
I told him every day
that what Lawson did was wrong.
1054
01:03:38,440 --> 01:03:42,235
Of course, Lawson stopped tolerating this
and left.
1055
01:03:42,319 --> 01:03:47,240
A prime minister
Whoever loses a chancellor is in trouble.
1056
01:03:49,826 --> 01:03:54,122
Nigel's position,
As I told you, it is indisputable.
1057
01:03:54,205 --> 01:03:55,832
- He has...
- But it's not, is it?
1058
01:03:55,915 --> 01:03:58,209
- He left.
- By his choice.
1059
01:03:58,293 --> 01:04:00,462
I tried to persuade him to stay.
1060
01:04:00,545 --> 01:04:03,965
I didn't believe that if I left,
being such a strong chancellor
1061
01:04:04,049 --> 01:04:06,009
and with such an indisputable position.
1062
01:04:06,593 --> 01:04:11,931
Deny that Nigel would stay if you
fire professor Alan Walters?
1063
01:04:12,015 --> 01:04:14,559
- I don't know.
- What a terrible admission.
1064
01:04:14,642 --> 01:04:17,354
- I don't have it anymore... I don't know.
- Don't you know?
1065
01:04:17,437 --> 01:04:19,647
Could have stayed with your chancellor
1066
01:04:19,731 --> 01:04:22,859
say goodbye
your part-time advisor.
1067
01:04:23,818 --> 01:04:27,072
I wanted to keep my chancellor
anyway.
1068
01:04:27,614 --> 01:04:31,743
He was very good,
his position was indisputable
1069
01:04:31,826 --> 01:04:36,664
and let's face it, Brian,
he was chancellor.
1070
01:04:37,665 --> 01:04:42,545
For the Prime Minister, life goes on,
what it means to go to church in Checkers.
1071
01:04:42,629 --> 01:04:44,672
She knew her interview
1072
01:04:44,756 --> 01:04:47,592
would be seen by deputies
rearguard of the Tories,
1073
01:04:47,675 --> 01:04:50,428
many of whom asked
softer leadership,
1074
01:04:50,512 --> 01:04:52,555
following the layoff crisis.
1075
01:04:52,639 --> 01:04:55,809
I will continue to be
my sweet and reasonable person,
1076
01:04:55,892 --> 01:04:59,354
based on very strong convictions.
1077
01:04:59,437 --> 01:05:02,440
- I have to interrupt her.
- No, there isn't.
1078
01:05:02,524 --> 01:05:04,484
Thank you, it has to be. Thanks.
1079
01:05:04,567 --> 01:05:06,319
The strong leadership will continue.
1080
01:05:06,903 --> 01:05:08,696
There has to be a change of style.
1081
01:05:08,780 --> 01:05:10,949
If she is not prepared for this,
1082
01:05:11,032 --> 01:05:14,285
we have to face the issue
whether she can continue as leader.
1083
01:05:15,120 --> 01:05:17,122
It was part of what was happening.
1084
01:05:17,205 --> 01:05:19,999
The idea of implementation
of head tax,
1085
01:05:20,083 --> 01:05:24,003
the discussions about Europe,
the approaching recession.
1086
01:05:24,087 --> 01:05:27,340
There were signs that we would return
going into recession.
1087
01:05:28,967 --> 01:05:30,427
Everything started to go wrong.
1088
01:05:30,510 --> 01:05:34,597
Mr. Baker confirmed that deputies
They asked the Prime Minister for judgment.
1089
01:05:34,681 --> 01:05:36,724
FORMER PRESIDENT OF THE CONSERVATIVES
1090
01:05:36,808 --> 01:05:39,936
Yes, and I think that is very important.
1091
01:05:40,728 --> 01:05:43,815
The government seems,
sometimes be scattered.
1092
01:05:43,898 --> 01:05:47,944
It is very important that we present
all government guidelines
1093
01:05:48,027 --> 01:05:52,907
as a united series of policies
achieved through collective responsibility.
1094
01:05:52,991 --> 01:05:56,578
In telling him to come to his senses,
What did the Prime Minister respond?
1095
01:05:56,661 --> 01:05:59,956
She listened a lot,
which is very important.
1096
01:06:00,039 --> 01:06:01,291
It was his chance.
1097
01:06:01,374 --> 01:06:04,961
If they ask you to stop being strong,
that will not be the position.
1098
01:06:05,712 --> 01:06:07,464
So the Thatcher group said
1099
01:06:07,547 --> 01:06:10,258
what the prime minister's style
wouldn't soften
1100
01:06:10,341 --> 01:06:13,636
and that she was "the true guardian
the government's purpose."
1101
01:06:14,220 --> 01:06:18,475
Among conservatives, there are opinions
divergent about what happened.
1102
01:06:18,558 --> 01:06:22,645
One side thinks Mrs Thatcher
came out stronger after what happened,
1103
01:06:22,729 --> 01:06:27,275
now that the fight
with Nigel Laweson passed.
1104
01:06:27,358 --> 01:06:31,029
But the other side thinks
that it has seriously weakened.
1105
01:06:31,112 --> 01:06:35,033
"It's past the deadline",
said a member of parliament today.
1106
01:06:35,116 --> 01:06:39,704
Keep talking
about a formal challenge to your leadership.
1107
01:06:39,787 --> 01:06:42,665
They thought their winner
became a loser.
1108
01:06:43,333 --> 01:06:47,128
At that time,
the election of the party leader
1109
01:06:47,212 --> 01:06:49,672
was in the hands of the members of parliament,
1110
01:06:49,756 --> 01:06:53,259
but they feared, individually,
not be re-elected
1111
01:06:53,343 --> 01:06:56,721
or that they had a better chance
to be so with a new leader.
1112
01:06:57,347 --> 01:07:01,684
Furthermore, when you are
In power for several years, people...
1113
01:07:01,768 --> 01:07:04,687
Well, those that were supposed to be promoted have already been promoted
1114
01:07:04,771 --> 01:07:07,398
and those who were not know that they will never be.
1115
01:07:07,482 --> 01:07:11,152
Therefore, the leader no longer has
patronage to offer.
1116
01:07:11,236 --> 01:07:16,282
You can't say, "I'll take care of you,"
because until now he hasn't taken care.
1117
01:07:16,366 --> 01:07:20,245
So we have these 300 or 400 people
hanging around Westminster
1118
01:07:20,328 --> 01:07:22,747
who know they won't progress any further,
1119
01:07:22,830 --> 01:07:25,917
because so far nothing,
and they think they are going to lose their places.
1120
01:07:26,000 --> 01:07:28,002
They turned against the leader.
1121
01:07:30,004 --> 01:07:34,092
In November 1989, Sir Anthony Meyer
ran against Mrs Thatcher
1122
01:07:34,175 --> 01:07:36,261
in protest against his leadership.
1123
01:07:36,886 --> 01:07:42,267
He was defeated by 314 votes to 33.
1124
01:07:42,850 --> 01:07:45,687
Mrs. Thatcher
who speaks today at Downing Street,
1125
01:07:45,770 --> 01:07:48,356
she was very pleased with the result.
1126
01:07:48,439 --> 01:07:51,401
I am very happy with this result.
1127
01:07:51,985 --> 01:07:54,737
And I'm very happy
with the overwhelming support
1128
01:07:54,821 --> 01:07:58,658
from my colleagues in the Chamber
and party people across the country.
1129
01:07:58,741 --> 01:08:01,578
Prime ministers have a lot of work.
1130
01:08:01,661 --> 01:08:03,621
There's a lot of it in there
1131
01:08:03,705 --> 01:08:07,959
and I think it would be better
leave you and go take care of him.
1132
01:08:08,042 --> 01:08:09,419
Just one thing!
1133
01:08:09,502 --> 01:08:14,215
She became remarkably
more authoritarian.
1134
01:08:14,299 --> 01:08:16,593
Where was the most change seen?
1135
01:08:16,676 --> 01:08:19,929
It was in the introduction of that she,
until the last moment,
1136
01:08:20,013 --> 01:08:22,724
insisted on calling
"community tax"
1137
01:08:22,807 --> 01:08:25,768
and what the rest of the country called
of "head tax".
1138
01:08:25,852 --> 01:08:28,271
That was her undoing,
1139
01:08:29,230 --> 01:08:31,858
because a lot of people told him
1140
01:08:32,650 --> 01:08:37,196
that the country would not accept a tax
widely seen as unfair.
1141
01:08:37,280 --> 01:08:40,575
I just knew there was this horrible tax,
1142
01:08:40,658 --> 01:08:44,203
which for many people
meant having to pay more,
1143
01:08:44,287 --> 01:08:45,913
and that it was she who created it.
1144
01:08:45,997 --> 01:08:48,541
They blamed her
rather than local governments.
1145
01:08:49,626 --> 01:08:52,629
So she became intransigent
about that.
1146
01:08:52,712 --> 01:08:56,716
When the community tax
is applied, our intention
1147
01:08:56,799 --> 01:09:00,970
is to say exactly what it would have been
the increase in internal rates
1148
01:09:01,054 --> 01:09:03,139
if the tax were replaced.
1149
01:09:03,222 --> 01:09:06,476
People won't pay
what could have been.
1150
01:09:06,559 --> 01:09:09,312
They will pay much higher taxes
1151
01:09:09,395 --> 01:09:12,065
imposed by her and her government.
1152
01:09:12,649 --> 01:09:15,652
In a way,
I think that was your biggest mistake,
1153
01:09:15,735 --> 01:09:17,945
because he didn't listen to people.
1154
01:09:18,029 --> 01:09:21,741
They told him he couldn't move forward
with community tax,
1155
01:09:21,824 --> 01:09:23,951
but she was already getting impatient
1156
01:09:24,035 --> 01:09:28,247
and decided to ignore the advice
and move forward.
1157
01:09:28,331 --> 01:09:29,749
See the result.
1158
01:09:49,894 --> 01:09:52,522
Mrs. Thatcher spoke
from Mr. Kinnock's words
1159
01:09:52,605 --> 01:09:54,941
on responsibility for violence.
1160
01:09:55,024 --> 01:09:56,901
He expressed horror at the riots.
1161
01:09:56,984 --> 01:09:59,654
Nothing justifies this.
1162
01:09:59,737 --> 01:10:02,573
� in parliament
that these issues are discussed.
1163
01:10:02,657 --> 01:10:07,286
These people
They are totally against democracy.
1164
01:10:10,707 --> 01:10:12,709
The person who ultimately
1165
01:10:12,792 --> 01:10:15,336
gave the blow of mercy
it was Geoffrey Howe
1166
01:10:16,003 --> 01:10:17,755
because of the Europe issue.
1167
01:10:17,839 --> 01:10:19,382
It had to do with a plan
1168
01:10:19,465 --> 01:10:22,343
that the President of the European Commission,
Jacques Delors,
1169
01:10:22,427 --> 01:10:25,054
had drawn up and which contained three matters.
1170
01:10:25,138 --> 01:10:28,307
She took care of them
and sent them to the House of Commons.
1171
01:10:28,391 --> 01:10:29,726
Then he said...
1172
01:10:29,809 --> 01:10:33,479
I don't remember exactly,
But what mattered was her response.
1173
01:10:33,563 --> 01:10:35,982
"No, no, no!"
1174
01:10:36,733 --> 01:10:41,946
It was then that Geoffrey Howe,
Mostly, he decided that enough was enough.
1175
01:10:42,029 --> 01:10:44,073
He seemed like such a calm man.
1176
01:10:44,157 --> 01:10:46,492
A good man, and he was,
1177
01:10:46,576 --> 01:10:49,871
but he disagreed violently with her.
1178
01:10:49,954 --> 01:10:52,039
She ended up replacing him,
1179
01:10:52,123 --> 01:10:55,001
but he stood up in the House of Commons
1180
01:10:55,084 --> 01:11:00,173
and gave a speech that was
the first direct attack on her leadership.
1181
01:11:00,256 --> 01:11:03,342
I found it impressive,
because anyone would dare.
1182
01:11:03,426 --> 01:11:07,847
But because it's soon Geoffrey Howe
had much more impact.
1183
01:11:08,431 --> 01:11:11,476
The tragedy is real for me personally,
1184
01:11:12,226 --> 01:11:14,729
for my party, for our people
1185
01:11:15,354 --> 01:11:18,399
and to my very honorable friend.
1186
01:11:19,192 --> 01:11:21,819
The Prime Minister's attitude
towards Europe
1187
01:11:21,903 --> 01:11:25,531
is leading to ever greater risks
for the future of our nation.
1188
01:11:26,199 --> 01:11:28,743
Risks minimizing our influence
1189
01:11:28,826 --> 01:11:32,663
and maximize the probability
of being excluded again.
1190
01:11:32,747 --> 01:11:35,666
It's like sending the batsmen to the line,
1191
01:11:35,750 --> 01:11:39,837
just for them to discover,
at the time of the first releases,
1192
01:11:39,921 --> 01:11:43,341
that your clubs were broken
by the captain before the game.
1193
01:11:48,387 --> 01:11:49,764
It wasn't my intention.
1194
01:11:49,847 --> 01:11:53,100
My intention
was to make the warning very clear
1195
01:11:53,684 --> 01:11:56,813
that the policy she was following,
1196
01:11:56,896 --> 01:11:59,524
instead of following that
that we woke up,
1197
01:11:59,607 --> 01:12:01,692
It probably wasn't the right one.
1198
01:12:01,776 --> 01:12:04,237
I didn't intend to change the structure,
1199
01:12:04,320 --> 01:12:06,948
but there were already many other factors.
1200
01:12:07,031 --> 01:12:12,036
The head tax alienated support
of many of our deputies.
1201
01:12:12,620 --> 01:12:14,831
They all rallied around what happened.
1202
01:12:14,914 --> 01:12:16,582
I was educated,
1203
01:12:16,666 --> 01:12:19,877
in the conventional middle class way,
giving in to the ladies.
1204
01:12:19,961 --> 01:12:21,963
You couldn't give in to it and survive.
1205
01:12:23,840 --> 01:12:26,008
The next day, on November 2, 1990,
1206
01:12:26,092 --> 01:12:30,721
Michael Heseltine launched a challenge
He is the leader of the Conservative Party.
1207
01:12:30,805 --> 01:12:33,182
We have to rethink community tax.
1208
01:12:33,266 --> 01:12:35,017
Michael promised that.
1209
01:12:35,101 --> 01:12:37,728
The other good thing about Michael
is that your history
1210
01:12:37,812 --> 01:12:39,939
in my constituency in Tavistock,
1211
01:12:40,022 --> 01:12:44,193
where he was a member of parliament,
shows that your greatest quality is listening.
1212
01:12:44,277 --> 01:12:45,278
On November 20th,
1213
01:12:45,361 --> 01:12:48,739
Mrs Thatcher waited
the results of the first vote
1214
01:12:48,823 --> 01:12:51,492
while participating
at a summit in Paris.
1215
01:12:51,576 --> 01:12:54,745
Defeated Heseltine
with 204 votes against 152.
1216
01:12:54,829 --> 01:12:58,624
I soon found out about the results and said
which implied a second vote.
1217
01:12:58,708 --> 01:13:00,376
We didn't have enough,
1218
01:13:00,459 --> 01:13:03,087
but it didn't seem difficult to me, at that stage,
1219
01:13:03,170 --> 01:13:07,008
get three or four more people
1220
01:13:07,091 --> 01:13:09,468
to vote for us in the second vote.
1221
01:13:09,552 --> 01:13:13,264
Although it's not easy
go to the second vote,
1222
01:13:13,347 --> 01:13:15,099
It didn't seem very difficult to me.
1223
01:13:15,182 --> 01:13:20,479
I honestly believe I should be
at number 10 Downing Street
1224
01:13:20,563 --> 01:13:22,273
later this week.
1225
01:13:22,356 --> 01:13:24,150
And some more time later.
1226
01:13:24,233 --> 01:13:29,655
The last weeks of the Thatcher era
were surprising.
1227
01:13:29,739 --> 01:13:34,035
Starting from the feeling that
Margaret Thatcher would never leave government,
1228
01:13:34,118 --> 01:13:37,121
suddenly,
it was like seeing a castle in the sand.
1229
01:13:37,204 --> 01:13:41,709
The wave attacked the sandcastle suddenly
and he disappeared.
1230
01:13:46,714 --> 01:13:49,091
Something happened while I was away.
1231
01:13:49,175 --> 01:13:53,638
There were several meetings
in various places, I think, in London.
1232
01:13:53,721 --> 01:13:57,808
Obviously, I couldn't be here and,
When I returned the next morning,
1233
01:13:57,892 --> 01:14:01,228
It still seemed to me that I had good chances,
1234
01:14:01,312 --> 01:14:02,563
but during the day,
1235
01:14:03,439 --> 01:14:08,402
I started preparing the motion of confidence
1236
01:14:08,486 --> 01:14:12,531
and I thought I had
to see the government and other people
1237
01:14:12,615 --> 01:14:13,991
and it was very strange.
1238
01:14:14,075 --> 01:14:16,202
Have you ever seen a situation slip out of your hands?
1239
01:14:16,285 --> 01:14:19,747
I'm a politician,
I know, I can feel it, sense it.
1240
01:14:19,830 --> 01:14:26,462
When some people, who I expected
be absolutely convinced,
1241
01:14:28,631 --> 01:14:31,884
had very different views,
They said they supported me,
1242
01:14:31,968 --> 01:14:35,846
but they didn't think it was a certain victory.
1243
01:14:35,930 --> 01:14:41,894
Ah, okay, no general
can fight without a good army.
1244
01:14:49,944 --> 01:14:54,031
We know it was Denis Thatcher
who had his feet firmly on the ground
1245
01:14:54,115 --> 01:14:56,450
and that,
just like Prince Philip and the queen,
1246
01:14:56,534 --> 01:14:58,077
He was a good advisor to her.
1247
01:14:58,160 --> 01:15:01,247
He could say
when things worked or didn't work
1248
01:15:01,330 --> 01:15:04,000
and he just said:
"It's time, the game is over."
1249
01:15:04,083 --> 01:15:05,960
That's when she walked away.
1250
01:15:07,670 --> 01:15:09,046
Ladies and gentlemen,
1251
01:15:09,755 --> 01:15:12,591
let's abandon Downing Street
for the last time,
1252
01:15:12,675 --> 01:15:15,594
after these wonderful eleven and a half years
1253
01:15:15,678 --> 01:15:19,807
and we are very happy
why we left the UK
1254
01:15:19,890 --> 01:15:22,184
in much better condition
1255
01:15:22,268 --> 01:15:25,062
than it was when we arrived
eleven and a half years ago.
1256
01:15:30,276 --> 01:15:32,403
You don't make a decision like that
1257
01:15:33,404 --> 01:15:36,866
without difficulty, without heartbreak.
1258
01:15:38,409 --> 01:15:41,370
There may have been heartbreaks,
but it was the right decision.
1259
01:15:43,706 --> 01:15:47,126
I think most ministers
who gave their advice
1260
01:15:47,209 --> 01:15:50,296
they weren't going to vote for the other side
or abstain.
1261
01:15:50,379 --> 01:15:52,631
I think what they were saying was:
1262
01:15:52,715 --> 01:15:56,343
"We have been loyal to you,
we are your friends.
1263
01:15:56,427 --> 01:15:59,597
We think this is all horrible,
but we have to tell you
1264
01:15:59,680 --> 01:16:03,309
that we think you won't win
and, in these circumstances,
1265
01:16:03,392 --> 01:16:05,352
you should stay away
1266
01:16:05,436 --> 01:16:10,399
We don't want to see you
to be humiliated by defeat."
1267
01:16:10,483 --> 01:16:16,947
What went wrong was that we didn't get
sufficient majority in the first vote.
1268
01:16:17,031 --> 01:16:19,492
I couldn't do anything to cure it.
1269
01:16:19,575 --> 01:16:21,869
That's what I couldn't overcome.
1270
01:16:21,952 --> 01:16:23,579
As I passed by, they said:
1271
01:16:23,662 --> 01:16:27,124
"But you didn't ask us for our vote.
Other people asked."
1272
01:16:27,208 --> 01:16:32,379
I thought, "Oh my God,
after eleven and a half years,
1273
01:16:32,463 --> 01:16:36,050
Do I have to go and ask for votes in person?"
1274
01:16:37,176 --> 01:16:40,221
I remember previous elections
for the leader.
1275
01:16:41,305 --> 01:16:43,974
But here it is. They thought so.
1276
01:16:44,058 --> 01:16:46,977
I thought it wasn't
the right way to do it.
1277
01:16:47,895 --> 01:16:51,982
I think it was the junction
of various types of emotion.
1278
01:16:52,066 --> 01:16:57,530
She didn't understand
how could this happen to you,
1279
01:16:57,613 --> 01:16:59,365
never having lost an election
1280
01:16:59,448 --> 01:17:03,577
and never having missed a vote
important in the House of Commons.
1281
01:17:03,661 --> 01:17:06,789
In a way, she didn't understand.
1282
01:17:06,872 --> 01:17:10,543
Having been Prime Minister
for eleven and a half years
1283
01:17:11,210 --> 01:17:13,420
and doing what I managed to do,
1284
01:17:13,504 --> 01:17:15,798
I feel like I should have more authority
1285
01:17:15,881 --> 01:17:18,551
and support from my own party
than I had.
1286
01:17:18,634 --> 01:17:23,556
If it didn't exist, we needed change.
It was really clear.
1287
01:17:23,639 --> 01:17:27,101
Yes, I think those interviews
were interesting,
1288
01:17:27,184 --> 01:17:34,066
mainly because we reminded her
the events of the last ten days,
1289
01:17:34,150 --> 01:17:36,944
and she in half
he burst into tears again.
1290
01:17:37,027 --> 01:17:41,991
We had to stop
and letting her touch up her makeup.
1291
01:17:42,575 --> 01:17:45,578
It was marked in her soul.
1292
01:17:45,661 --> 01:17:48,247
The image that people
you will perhaps remember
1293
01:17:48,330 --> 01:17:50,708
It is that government is extremely difficult.
1294
01:17:50,791 --> 01:17:53,169
Afterwards, he had to leave for Downing Street
1295
01:17:53,252 --> 01:17:56,589
and face the cameras,
face the world, deep down.
1296
01:17:58,048 --> 01:17:59,925
Had to leave
1297
01:18:00,009 --> 01:18:02,761
and provide, perhaps,
the biggest statement of his life.
1298
01:18:03,470 --> 01:18:07,099
We now see that it is affecting her
1299
01:18:07,183 --> 01:18:09,435
and that must have been
the hardest thing you've ever done.
1300
01:18:09,518 --> 01:18:11,604
Now it's not affecting my voice.
1301
01:18:11,687 --> 01:18:14,106
We are remembering traumatic things.
1302
01:18:14,940 --> 01:18:16,775
But I managed to overcome them.
1303
01:18:17,610 --> 01:18:21,363
I managed to overcome the television,
overtake the government,
1304
01:18:21,447 --> 01:18:24,450
once again, because there was something to do.
1305
01:18:30,623 --> 01:18:34,251
She thought she had left the country
in better condition than I found it.
1306
01:18:34,335 --> 01:18:36,378
To some extent it was true,
1307
01:18:36,462 --> 01:18:40,382
but many other things,
mainly the head tax,
1308
01:18:40,466 --> 01:18:42,676
they had turned the country against her.
1309
01:18:42,760 --> 01:18:44,303
But she didn't see that.
1310
01:18:46,138 --> 01:18:48,766
We've heard millions
Sometimes people say
1311
01:18:48,849 --> 01:18:53,771
that she hasn't had a happy day in her life
after leaving Downing Street.
1312
01:18:54,355 --> 01:18:57,233
Because that was the essential thing.
1313
01:18:58,525 --> 01:19:01,987
John Major succeeds Mrs Thatcher
as new prime minister
1314
01:19:02,071 --> 01:19:04,323
and leader of the conservatives.
1315
01:19:04,406 --> 01:19:07,618
I hope, in the coming years,
develop these achievements.
1316
01:19:08,244 --> 01:19:12,456
I certainly hope, in these years,
build a society of opportunities.
1317
01:19:13,249 --> 01:19:15,960
By this I mean an open society,
1318
01:19:16,043 --> 01:19:18,837
a society in which
what people achieve
1319
01:19:18,921 --> 01:19:22,841
It will depend on your talent,
of your commitment and your luck.
1320
01:19:22,925 --> 01:19:26,387
She promised
that John Major would have his support
1321
01:19:26,470 --> 01:19:31,392
and said that famous phrase,
which I will paraphrase:
1322
01:19:31,475 --> 01:19:35,104
"John Major is the driver,
but I'm great at making guesses."
1323
01:19:36,105 --> 01:19:38,899
And that caused a lot of damage.
1324
01:19:39,608 --> 01:19:43,779
She thought Major didn't have
a sufficiently firm position
1325
01:19:43,862 --> 01:19:46,198
on one side or the other of the European debate.
1326
01:19:46,282 --> 01:19:49,285
She wanted
that he was an absolute skeptic
1327
01:19:50,077 --> 01:19:53,747
and was disappointed.
1328
01:19:54,415 --> 01:19:58,669
Yes, I will have very strong visions
over Europe and over Bosnia.
1329
01:19:58,752 --> 01:20:01,380
I always have, you know that.
1330
01:20:01,463 --> 01:20:05,009
I also have strong visions
as to supporting the Prime Minister.
1331
01:20:05,092 --> 01:20:09,471
Withdrew from the European Fee Mechanism
of Exchange and rejected the social charter.
1332
01:20:09,555 --> 01:20:10,931
So, the grandmother will speak.
1333
01:20:11,515 --> 01:20:13,976
I can't imagine grandmother not talking,
1334
01:20:14,059 --> 01:20:16,770
if you have strong opinions about something.
1335
01:20:22,067 --> 01:20:27,656
There are opposition politicians and commentators
enough to disturb the calm.
1336
01:20:28,407 --> 01:20:31,618
We don't wait
that the elders of our own party
1337
01:20:31,702 --> 01:20:33,829
join this unnecessary cause.
1338
01:20:36,707 --> 01:20:39,293
� the role that
Lady Thatcher took it for herself.
1339
01:20:39,376 --> 01:20:41,795
Today, center stage
at the annual conference,
1340
01:20:41,879 --> 01:20:45,174
the party applauds,
like no other ex-leader applauds.
1341
01:20:48,302 --> 01:20:52,598
But it was behind the scenes that the Iron Lady
showed the fervor that made her famous,
1342
01:20:52,681 --> 01:20:55,184
by telling a British Airways official
1343
01:20:55,267 --> 01:20:58,979
who shouldn't have changed the flag
from the United Kingdom in their planes
1344
01:20:59,063 --> 01:21:00,272
for the new logos.
1345
01:21:02,024 --> 01:21:06,403
We make the British flag fly,
not those things they put there.
1346
01:21:06,487 --> 01:21:08,489
- Right!
- They're horrible!
1347
01:21:08,572 --> 01:21:10,949
Absolutely horrible.
1348
01:21:11,033 --> 01:21:14,119
The husband demanded to know
because the design was not British.
1349
01:21:14,203 --> 01:21:16,455
- We want a British design.
- And we have.
1350
01:21:16,538 --> 01:21:18,582
Putting his hand in his famous suitcase,
1351
01:21:18,665 --> 01:21:22,753
Thatcher made it clear to British Airways
what did you think of the new design.
1352
01:21:28,425 --> 01:21:30,969
Margaret Thatcher
has little sense of humor.
1353
01:21:31,053 --> 01:21:35,099
And he doesn't care much
through the world of entertainment.
1354
01:21:35,182 --> 01:21:37,935
In fact, I think there is
little knowledge of him.
1355
01:21:38,018 --> 01:21:42,648
I don't think going to the cinema
be essential to her life.
1356
01:21:42,731 --> 01:21:44,900
But he is not a futile person.
1357
01:21:44,983 --> 01:21:48,070
She would be intrigued
for the idea of a film about you
1358
01:21:48,654 --> 01:21:52,825
and probably impressed
for the performance of Meryl Streep.
1359
01:21:52,908 --> 01:21:54,243
THE IRON LADY
1360
01:21:54,326 --> 01:21:56,120
- To the left!
- He finished!
1361
01:21:56,203 --> 01:22:00,582
In recent years,
There have been dramatic versions of his life
1362
01:22:00,666 --> 01:22:05,712
and a huge amount of comments
and this is just one version of the story.
1363
01:22:05,796 --> 01:22:09,675
It's a story
of what it might have been like to assume...
1364
01:22:09,758 --> 01:22:13,595
Of what it might have been like to be
a lonely woman in a sea of men.
1365
01:22:13,679 --> 01:22:17,099
How could it have been
1366
01:22:17,182 --> 01:22:20,060
the feeling
of having to fight to gain control,
1367
01:22:20,144 --> 01:22:23,105
first of the party, let alone of the country.
1368
01:22:23,689 --> 01:22:29,153
And it's a lot about the private cost
of an enormous public life.
1369
01:22:29,236 --> 01:22:32,906
It is a film that imagines what power
It was the feeling of being her.
1370
01:22:35,784 --> 01:22:39,580
I think she had a conscience
of his place in history.
1371
01:22:39,663 --> 01:22:43,041
Aware that it was there,
not only making noise,
1372
01:22:43,125 --> 01:22:44,960
but to make a difference in the world,
1373
01:22:45,043 --> 01:22:47,671
although he didn't boast.
1374
01:22:48,755 --> 01:22:54,303
She was aware of what she had achieved
and that it was remarkable and good.
1375
01:22:59,475 --> 01:23:04,146
Long after Margaret Thatcher,
Lady Thatcher, as she became,
1376
01:23:04,229 --> 01:23:05,981
having abandoned number 10,
1377
01:23:06,064 --> 01:23:08,901
I had to go interview her
to your new office,
1378
01:23:08,984 --> 01:23:11,445
which was on the corner,
near parliament,
1379
01:23:11,528 --> 01:23:13,739
and it was as if she
was still in power.
1380
01:23:13,822 --> 01:23:17,117
There were police at the door,
lots of people in a hurry.
1381
01:23:17,201 --> 01:23:22,039
They took me to their office,
a huge office with a big table.
1382
01:23:22,122 --> 01:23:25,709
Lots of photographs on the wall
and objects on the desk.
1383
01:23:25,792 --> 01:23:28,962
I was impressed,
because the theme of almost all
1384
01:23:29,046 --> 01:23:31,340
It was the Falklands War.
1385
01:23:34,176 --> 01:23:37,930
She will be at the top of the list
of great British prime ministers.
1386
01:23:38,013 --> 01:23:40,349
The distinction must always go
for Churchill.
1387
01:23:40,432 --> 01:23:44,061
How he won the war,
It's a magnificent figure.
1388
01:23:45,437 --> 01:23:47,981
I'm tempted to put her next to him.
1389
01:23:48,065 --> 01:23:51,235
She was a woman, she achieved what she achieved
1390
01:23:51,318 --> 01:23:55,948
and stayed in government all that time,
being the first woman to achieve this.
1391
01:23:56,031 --> 01:23:59,993
At the time, it was very difficult
and I find it very impressive.
1392
01:24:01,662 --> 01:24:06,500
There are those who consider the Thatcher years
the best since World War II.
1393
01:24:06,583 --> 01:24:09,503
Great Britain recovered
worldwide influence,
1394
01:24:09,586 --> 01:24:13,006
we deal with many of our problems,
society has improved.
1395
01:24:13,090 --> 01:24:14,424
Many think so.
1396
01:24:14,508 --> 01:24:16,176
It tends to be the one who did well,
1397
01:24:16,260 --> 01:24:20,973
who made the most money
and there are nice houses and so on.
1398
01:24:21,056 --> 01:24:24,101
The most privileged people
They did well, I think.
1399
01:24:24,184 --> 01:24:27,563
On the contrary, many people
from humbler origins
1400
01:24:27,646 --> 01:24:29,314
They mourn the Thatcher years.
1401
01:24:29,398 --> 01:24:31,942
They think she harmed the country.
1402
01:24:32,025 --> 01:24:36,530
What we think of Margaret Thatcher
it totally depends
1403
01:24:36,613 --> 01:24:39,157
of the success we had at the time.
1404
01:24:43,704 --> 01:24:45,747
I think her impact was huge.
1405
01:24:45,831 --> 01:24:50,586
I think she changed her shape
how political issues were dealt with.
1406
01:24:50,669 --> 01:24:52,671
The idea that we could do everything
1407
01:24:52,754 --> 01:24:56,633
with a species
of comfortable consensus has disappeared
1408
01:24:56,717 --> 01:24:59,720
and I don't think he ever came back.
1409
01:25:01,221 --> 01:25:03,223
When it comes to Margaret Thatcher,
1410
01:25:03,307 --> 01:25:07,269
We have to remember that, for her,
Politics and power are everything.
1411
01:25:07,352 --> 01:25:09,563
This is the passion of your life.
1412
01:25:09,646 --> 01:25:11,231
That was what motivated her.
1413
01:25:12,941 --> 01:25:18,196
If we failed,
this freedom could be threatened.
1414
01:25:19,239 --> 01:25:22,951
Therefore, let us resist
to the praise of weak hearts.
1415
01:25:23,619 --> 01:25:27,873
Let's ignore the howls
and threats from extremists.
1416
01:25:28,624 --> 01:25:33,086
Let's stick together,
let us fulfill our duty
1417
01:25:33,170 --> 01:25:35,505
and we will not fail.
1418
01:25:46,808 --> 01:25:49,936
Subtitles: C�ntia Domingos